Osteosarcoma is the most common malignancy of mesenchymal cells mostly originating within long bones, but rarely in the jaws. This report illustrates a case of chondroblastic osteosarcoma in the region of anterior maxilla in a 58-year-old male patient previously treated for ossifying fibroma of the same site.

A neonatal parietal bone fracture was complicated by subgaleal and subdural hematomas after a vacuum extraction delivery. Low-dose computer tomography visualized a skull fracture. Close observation of infants delivered by vacuum extraction, conservative management after a skull fracture, and further studies on vacuum traction monitoring are warranted.

3D-printing is a powerful tool in patients with complex anatomy undergoing cardiac surgery.

The presence of pancreatic lesions in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis requires histological diagnosis (percutaneous or endoscopic biopsy) to exclude malignancy. A nonspecific histology after endoscopic or percutaneous biopsy of a pancreatic lesion may require surgical excision and definite histology.

In recent years, intragastric balloons (IGBs) have emerged as an efficacious, nonsurgical modality to treat obesity. We present a case in which an IGB caused a gastric ulcer, only unearthed after the novel technique of deflation and early retrieval.

There are <100 reported cases of aquagenic urticaria. Although most are sporadic, several diseases have been associated. Diagnosis is based on provocation tests. Second-generation antihistamines are the first-line treatment.

Imatinib mesylate seemed to inhibit development of cutaneous neurofibromas (c-NFs) and promote growth of pre-existing c-NFs in our neurofibromatosis type 1 case. This report potentially provides new findings in the effects of imatinib mesylate.

Acquired periungual fibrokeratoma is an uncommon benign fibrous tumour occurring in the periungual area, predominantly the proximal nail fold. We describe a case of acquired periungual fibrokeratoma with an unusual presentation of mixed features including dome-shaped and branching type in order to facilitate the recognition of this variant.

Our case highlights the possible coexistence of essential thrombocythemia (ET) and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), two pathological entities with opposite clinical and laboratory manifestations. It also underlines how an autoimmune attack has been temporarily able to overcome a neoplastic clone.

Gender affirmation surgeries, though important for many transgender persons, can be numerous. Combining surgeries, as presented in this case series, affords many benefits to patients without increasing risk or complications.

An invading mass in a postmenopausal female is usually suspicious of being cancerous. Even though, endometriosis should always be included in the differential since its surgical management involves significant morbidity and even mortality.

It is important to obtain coagulation tests to assess bleeding risk in trauma patients undergoing emergency surgery when a bleeding disorder may be obscured. Identifying specific clotting factor defects is critical in successful patient management.

The severe form of harlequin ichthyosis is often lethal in the perinatal period, and it is commonly a product of consanguineous parents. Therefore, in vitro fertilization and pregenetic diagnosis are recommended to avoid the recurrence of the error.

Bilateral shoulder adhesive capsulitis may develop in association with the administration of an influenza vaccine. Vaccine administration should utilize proper technique to avoid injection into the shoulder capsule.

We described protein A immunoadsorption combination with immunosuppressive treatment improved rapidly a patient with Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus.

Bronchogenic cyst is a rare congenital chest malformation that mainly presents with wheeze and feeding issues in early life. A multidisciplinary approach and follow-up are pivotal for the improvement of lung function, mostly in cases of mediastinal complications.

Collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is classically seen in HIV-infected patients and carries a dismal prognosis. It can also occur in HIV-negative patients in which case, early aggressive treatment with glucocorticoids may be helpful with improvement in both proteinuria and renal function.

A treatment plan based on the use of a preview software can offer the possibility to rapidly communicate with the patient. Fully digital workflow allows for making several objects at the same time in a precise and cost-efficient manner.

Hypothyroidism and diabetes insipidus present in children with Aicardi Goutières Syndrome (AGS) often years after disease onset and frequently resolve spontaneously. Screening and regular reassessment for both conditions are recommended in all children with AGS.

The isolated IgG4-SC that absent from AIP is quite rare and difficult to diagnose. We presented a case of isolated IgG4-SC with the normal serum IgG4 which was hard to differentiate with cholangiocarcinoma. Under such circumstances, liver pathology has a pivotal role in the diagnosis.

An abnormal clinical Allen's test is not a definitive exclusion criterion for free radial forearm flap use. A surgical Allen's test may be useful to determine whether flap harvest is feasible in patients with an abnormal clinical Allen's test.

Epistaxis management on COVID-19 patients is concerning for otolaryngologists due to the highly virulence and increased concentration within respiratory droplets and nasal secretions. Authors suggest initial management with oxymetazoline nasal drops and local pressure before considering nasal packing with absorbable material to prevent COVID-19 transmission to surrounding healthcare workers.

Distinguishing between acute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (A-CIDP) and acute idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) may be difficult during early stages but is crucial in order to guide treatment strategies without delay. These two forms share some overlapping clinical and electrophysiological findings, including some severe clinical features such as cranial nerve and respiratory tract involvement making the diagnosis of A-CIDP more difficult.

Sixteen percent of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) patients may present acutely like acute idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) the demyelinating form of GBS, developing in <8 weeks (Ruts et al Neurology, 74, 2010 and 1680). This entity is classified as acute-onset CIDP (A-CIDP) which presents overlapping clinical and electrophysiological findings with GBS during early stages of disease, but followed with a chronic course beyond 2 months. Also, those who have three or more treatment-related fluctuations (TRF) are included under this term.

Posterior alien hand syndrome caused by small infarcts seems to be characterized by acute development and transient, yet profound, isolated motor dysfunction with a favorable prognosis unlike other cases due to larger MCA infarcts.

The role of thalidomide in transfusion-sparing therapy in a transfusion-dependent E-β-thalassemia patient. Thalidomide acts as a fetal hemoglobin inducer and alleviates alloimmunization by immunomodulation.

The new observation of eosinophilic lingual tonsillitis as a possible adverse reaction to sublingual immunotherapy is likely to stimulate new investigations aimed at improving the understanding of the mechanisms of biodistribution of extracts placed at the sublingual level.

We present an unusual case of a persistent solitary left palatoglossal ulcer with no history of trauma or associated risk factors. A TUGSE lesion, which mimics that of malignancy, must always be noted as a differential even in risk factor absence.

The presence of pelvic pain, a pelvic/paravaginal mass, and purulent vaginal discharge in primigravida should raise the possibility of obstructed hemivagina and uterine didelphys. Though conservative management could result in successful pregnancy outcomes, early excision of vaginal septum and adequate drainage offer a shorter course of management and complication avoidance.

A cavotricuspid isthmus pouch can be a breakout site for gap conduction of cavotricuspid isthmus block line. If the previous block line is electrically silent, high-density 3-D mapping and pouchgraphy are useful to find the pouch and ablate within it.

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare disease which causes acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In this case, we show the recurrence of SCAD and pathological findings of an intimal tear that lead to SCAD of the proximal left anterior descending branch which could contribute to the onset of AMI.

Typhoid gangrenous cholecystitis is uncommon and can be managed by subtotal cholecystectomy with nonclosure of the cystic duct if that is required for patient safety.

Umbilical stump sepsis in a nonpassively immunized neonate poses a high risk to neonatal tetanus. Management of neonatal tetanus is still a great challenge in resource-limited settings where some health facilities lack tetanus toxoid containing vaccines, ventilator support, and inaccessibility of tetanus immunoglobulin.

Secondary syphilis may mimic sarcoidosis due to atypical clinical and pathological presentations. Differential diagnosis of these two is critical since the clinical courses and treatments are different. Highly clinical suspicion and utilization of confirmatory tests in high-risk patients are the key for the differential diagnosis.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is a rare neurodegenerative disease and earlier diagnosis is usually difficult. Combining clinical features with electroencephalogram, laboratory parameters, and neuroimaging findings will facilitate the diagnosis.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and Miller Fisher variant (MFv) cases spiked threefold in Los Angeles, with a high proportion of MFv cases. MFv is underdiagnosed when accompanying neurological symptoms are mild. This report emphasizes the seasonality of GBS and its relation to ganglioside antibodies.

We believe that our report and further case reports on T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia with genetic profile will contribute to the molecular classification of this rare but distinct disease.

We report a case of an encapsulated fat necrosis without significant medical history. To differentiate from liposarcoma, it should be recognized that a half of abdominal encapsulated fat necrosis cases have a history of inflammation and surgery.

Bazex syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic dermatosis that precedes diagnosis of cancer. Awareness of this syndrome is important, as it allows early detection of underlying malignancy and may prevent misdiagnosis and delays in cancer treatment.

Bicipitoradial bursitis should be considered in patients with antecubital mass and painful forearm pronation and supination movement. It can be due to several conditions such as calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition, even in young patients. Ultrasound is useful to confirm the diagnosis, determine the etiology and to guide the treatment of bicipitoradial bursitis.

Procalcitonin (PCT) is widely used to diagnose a bacterial infection. An increased serum PCT can also be observed in tumors. We presented an unusual case of a metastatic PNET producing and secreting PCT. Immunohistochemistry was used to demonstrate that PCT can be secreted by PanNET.

Rarely will a pneumothorax caused intraoperatively not manifest signs such as hypoxia, tachypnea, and tachycardia until later. If this occurs, diagnosis and treatment with needle decompression or chest tube must happen quickly for patient safety.

Rare diseases like primary spinal epidural diffuse large B-cell lymphoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with back pain and rapid neurological deterioration in the lower extremities.

Tuberculosis- child - Sporotrichoid - clinical image - dermoscopic image- correlation.

Aspiration of barium sulfate is possible during radiographic contrast procedures and is potentially life-threatening in severe cases. In patients with dysphagia or suspected tracheoesophageal fistula, barium compounds may be used, considering lateral projection fluoroscopy of the pharyngeal phase of swallowing, but iso-osmotic agents should also be considered.

The diagnosis of pure erythroid leukemia (PEL) can be challenging. Prompt identification of CD45+, CD34-, CD71+, CD117+, and E-cadherin+ erythroblasts is important. The differential diagnosis is broad and includes megaloblastic anemia.

In the setting of an infected prosthetic ascending thoracic aorta, prompt and definitive surgical treatment is mandatory to avoid catastrophic bleeding complications.

When observing diffuse ground-glass opacities in both lungs, physicians should consider several diseases, including heart failure, interstitial lung diseases, and pulmonary infections. However, brain diseases rarely cause lung infiltration. We present an instructive case of neurologic pulmonary edema showing a pathological link between the brain and the lung.

Patients with B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with pegasparaginase-containing regimens can develop hepatotoxicity related to it. The systemic hyperbilirubinemia due to hepatotoxicity can lead to the development of CSF xanthochromia.

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome, though rare, should be considered in patients with duodenal obstruction with no other causes. History of recent weight loss and imaging modalities help in the diagnosis. Conservative management can be tried before going for surgery.

The extraordinary finding of scolices with the characteristic hooklets may be found during the microscopic analysis in patients with cystic echinococcosis.

Traumatic lung herniation is an uncommon complication of blunt chest trauma due to seatbelt injury. High index of suspicion, adherence to ATLS guidelines, and cooperation between different surgical specialties for the prompt stabilization of flail chest and primary or prosthetic closure of the defect may ensure a favorable outcome.

Thyroid incidentalomas on FDG PET/CT are common with one-third of focal uptakes caused by malignancies. Toxic nodules should be excluded. Ultrasound risk-adapted systems can classify thyroid nodules and identify those who need biopsy.

After the talc pleurodesis, CT showed the tract made from the chest tube even after its removal. The unexpanded thoracic space might also contribute to it; thus, gathering specific medical history is important to understand this rare phenomenon.

COVID-19 usually demonstrates the specific pattern of chest CT findings (GGO, inverted-halo sign, etc). However, some COVID-19 cases show atypical CT findings. Physicians should make comprehensive judgments.

Complications of pheochromocytoma, such as hypertensive emergency, can be critical. Clinicians should recognize that pheochromocytoma is not uncommon in patients with large adrenal tumors, and screening should be undertaken prior to any intervention.

If gallbladder perforation occurs during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, every spilled gallstone should be retrieved to minimize possible late gallstone-related septic complications.

Hyperparathyroidism due to the autografted parathyroid gland should be suspected in patients who undergone parathyroid auto-transplantation.

Clinicians need to consider hepatoblastoma in the differential even in school-aged children or adolescents presenting with multiple liver tumors.

The dysphagia in this condition is usually associated with iron deficiency anemia and esophageal webs. Iron supplementation and regular surveillance are required for monitoring of malignant transformation into esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Desmoid tumor causing small bowel obstruction.

A 53-year-old man presented with symptomatic severe pulmonary valve regurgitation. He underwent a diagnostic catheterization. A heavily calcified pericardium and the pressure tracings illustrate typical features of constrictive pericarditis physiology, including the "square root sign." This condition is important to recognize given the progressive nature and poor prognosis if untreated.

Cervical lymphadenopathy is a very common complaint for patients presenting to an endocrinology clinic. This case highlights common locations that malignancy presents at as well as their ultrasound characteristics.

Ectopic breast tissue can persist in the axilla due to lack of involution of mammary glands along the mammary lines. It is rare in men, and the malignant transformation to breast cancer has occasionally been described. Differential diagnosis of any axillary tumor should include breast cancer arising at ectopic sites.

Facial myokymia is a clinical sign that can occur as a manifestation of demyelinating lesions. As seen in our patient with multiple sclerosis, acute-onset continuous facial myokymia can be indicative of an active lesion and of localizing value.