This viewpoint presents a radiologist's perspective of the added value of close collaboration and teamwork with cytopathologist colleagues to maximise specimen quality, adequacy, and patient outcomes. Various models are discussed and service evolution through teamwork emphasised. The importance of ultrasound guidance in fine needle aspiration of head and neck lesions and critical appraisal of the literature are reviewed.

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) constitutes up to 20% of all pancreatic resections. Cytomorphological features in conjunction with tumour marker levels and molecular markers in pancreatic fluid, are helpful for predicting high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma preoperatively. Management of IPMN requires a multidisciplinary approach.

Fine needle aspiration cytology for non-thyroid head and neck masses, when performed with ultrasound guidance and rapid on-site evaluation, offers a high reliability in preliminarily assessing malignancy. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology is a powerful tool in the hands of clinicians to determine the priority and guide further diagnostic work-up.

When used in the investigation of thoracic malignancy in the context of endobronchial or endoscopic ultrasound, rapid onsite evaluation has potential benefits including a reduction in the number of sites targeted and real-time triage of the specimen for ancillary studies, including molecular analysis. Concerns have been raised that the making of direct slides for rapid onsite evaluation may waste material that could be used for such analysis. This study shows that, in malignant cases in the authors' institution, a mean of 1.9% of the aspirated material is spread on slides, the remainder being processed to cell block and, therefore, available for immunocytochemistry and molecular analysis.

This study evaluates the efficacy of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) in endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for the assessment of the adequacy of specimen sampling and compares preliminary ROSE diagnoses to final diagnoses made in patients with clinical and radiological suspicion of granulomatous or malignant pathology.

Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology has high specificity and positive predictive value for detection of ovarian malignancies and hence can be employed as a primary diagnostic tool. A categorical system for reporting ovarian cytology needs to be adopted for uniformity in reporting and precise assessment of the risk of malignancy.

Intraoperative diagnosis has long played an important role in guiding neurosurgical biopsies and resections, and a high degree of accuracy in such rapid diagnoses is the norm. Awareness about the morphological features in combination with radiological features and the location of the lesion helps in clinching the correct diagnosis.

The reporting of AUS/FLUS lesions with a supplementary note describing the presence of architectural and/or cytological atypia may be helpful in treatment decisions since cytological atypia could suggest the possibility of NIFTP or malignancy. TIRADS score in conjunction with TBSRTC cytological diagnosis can aid in better stratification of thyroid nodules.

To obtain an understanding of the impact of the current Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid FNA in practice and to help guide future developments, a summary of one institution’s experience is shared in this paper.

The shining success of thyroid FNA is occasionally eclipsed by false positive (FP) cytological diagnoses. This article presents the authors' experience regarding FPs, and a brief review of 25 publications in search of FP rates. Most studies adhere to the recommended FP rates, or values close to them, with some outliers. The FP rate value depends on how one defines true negative cases, which can be either histologically proven benign cases, via a benign clinical course, or by assuming that cytologically benign cases remain as such.

By comparing it to a control cohort, the authors were able to assess the direct impact of ThyroSeq in the management of indeterminate thyroid nodules by significantly decreasing the surgical resection rate without significantly affecting the malignancy detection rate. Furthermore, the risk of malignancy in indeterminate nodules recalculated based on positive molecular results was significantly higher than without molecular testing.

Buffer-based media are a valuable tool in post-collection processing of cytology samples, though with poorly defined effects on cell properties This study confirmed that our in-house prepared buffer-based medium with addition of BSA and EDTA facilitates good preservation of cell morphology as well as immunoreactivity of biomarkers' for up to 48 hours at room temperature.

Angiosarcoma of the thyroid is a rare and aggressive primary malignant tumour of the thyroid. A case is reported in a 69-year-old woman who presented a red and painful area on the anterior skin of the neck. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid gland was suggestive of an atypical vascular proliferation.

This rare case of coexistence of DLBCL of bilateral submandibular glands and MALToma of the thyroid highlights the role of FNAC-flow cytometry in diagnosis of extranodal masses with discussion on lymphoid-rich salivary gland aspirates.

This is a rare and interesting case of primary pulmonary tumour reported in a 75-year-old lady, who was an ex-smoker. This article describes for the first time the detailed cytomorphological features of this tumour in a bronchial brush sample and provides educational multiple-choice questions related to the topic, to help readers better understand this lesion.

The phagocytic property of mesothelial cells has rarely been reported. This letter describes the presence of haemosiderin-laden mesothelial cells in an ascitic fluid sample.