The swelling of hydrogels was initially composed of the polymer network deformation energy and the mixing free energy suggested by Flory and Rehner. Based on the classical Flory-Rehner theoretical framework, recent studies have shown that hydrogels in salt solutions also need to analyze the role of ions. In this study, an extended Flory-Rehner model is formulated to describe the ionic mechanochemical coupling effects in the free swelling of hydrogels, of which the chains and ions reactions are controlled by reaction kinetics. The free energy of swelling hydrogels is considered to include network deformation energy, mixing energy, and ion energy. The effect of ion concentration and reaction on the free swelling of hydrogels is considered to be an ionic mechanochemical coupling effect, which significantly changes the Flory-Huggins interaction parameters.

4-Perchlorato-butyl acrylate (pCBA) is synthesized and copolymerized with short-chain alkyl acrylates (Me, Et, nBu) to form a 1 K polyacrylate binder. Thermal curing at 105°C–135°C gives a thermoset by transesterification of perchlorate and alkyl ester, resulting in a butylene crosslink connecting two acrylic esters and volatile alkyl perchlorates that evaporate from the resin.

Carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) was prepared from carbon fiber (CF) sheet with a diacylhydrazine-crosslinked matrix polymer. The CF sheet was recovered without damage when the CFRP plate was treated with sodium hypochlorite NaClO solution.

As a stabilizer, 0.00078 mol/L CTAB can stabilize XNBR latex with sodium acrylate. At the concentration of AANa in XNBR of 5.2 wt%, the surface resistance decreases to 10⁷ Ω at 50% humidity. The surface resistance is 10⁷–10⁸ Ω after 10 washes. The tensile strength and elongation at break are 4.19 MPa and 482.95%, respectively.

In this study, the synthesis of MgAlLa-LDHs using metal nitrates, NaOH, and organic acid precursors is discussed. The resulting LDHs are combined with PVC, and thermogravimetric analysis is used to predict the reaction mechanism of the composite.

A novel biosorbent for the removal of the toxic dye methylene blue from wastewater. Prepared by a simple and mild physical gelation process. Remained stable and efficient after cycles, exhibited excellent adsorption capacity. Excellent adsorption capacity and reusable, as sustainable dye removal adsorbents.

High-flux thin film composite organic solvent nanofiltration membranes were prepared by interfacial polymerization with pyridine or pyrimidine structured diamine monomers instead of traditional MPD monomers. The results showed that the TFC-Pd and TFC-Pm membranes have higher permeability than conventional TFC membranes, and their EB rejection was more than 90%. Moreover, they also have good organic solvent resistance and long-term stability.