Animal Research and One Health

Animal welfare has emerged as a significant concern, and artificial intelligence (AI) presents vast potential for progress. This literature review examines the various applications of AI in the domains that have a substantial impact on animal well-being. Firstly, AI facilitates the nuanced recognition of animal behaviors and emotions through sophisticated algorithms, offering valuable insights into their affective states. Secondly, AI revolutionizes animal nutrition by optimizing feed formulations and analyzing intake parameters. In terms of health management, AI systems integrate sensors, analytics, and knowledge bases to enable continuous monitoring, disease prevention, and prompt diagnosis. The review also explores how AI can transform housing environments through automated adjustments and real-time data-driven cleaning. Furthermore, it emphasizes the contributions of AI in predicting potential disease outbreaks by identifying patterns from extensive datasets. Continuous surveillance and timely interventions guided by AI technology ensure improved livestock health. Nevertheless, AI does have limitations, including its reliance on data, lack of reasoning capabilities, and high costs. To address these limitations, a balanced approach is recommended, which harnesses the precision of AI in conjunction with human expertise. Ultimately, with responsible implementation, AI holds great promise for advancing animal welfare in the realms of agriculture, conservation, and companion species.

The common workflow and applications of GWAS in farm animals.

A schematic model showing the summary of the findings from this study. Compared to the CON, dietary tannic acid (TA) supplementation with 3.0 kg/t increased villus height and decreased crypt depth in the small intestine. Dietary TA also downregulated IL-1β and TNF-α expression in the jejunum. Meanwhile, 3.0 kg/t TA had higher SOD, GPX, and CAT activities and a lower MDA concentration in the jejunum than those of the CON group. Moreover, 3.0 kg/t TA reduced the abundance of Candidatus Brocadia and Escherichia-Shigella in cecal digesta. Therefore, 3.0 kg/t TA supplementation improved the gut health status of weaned piglets, potentially by regulating redox homeostasis and gut microbiota.

Poikilocytosis in fish encompasses various morphological changes in erythrocytes, including acanthocytes, echinocytes, spherocytes, dacrocytes, degmacytes, and more. This phenomenon results from both living and nonliving factors, such as pathological influences, environmental stress, anthropogenic impacts, and hereditary factors. While hematological assessments often neglect the examination of erythrocyte morphology, understanding the significance of different poikilocytes is crucial for evaluating fish health and subsequent management. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of these alterations, establishing correlations between poikilocytes, pathophysiological conditions, and the influences of the environment and human activities.

Animal welfare has emerged as a significant concern, and artificial intelligence (AI) presents vast potential for progress. This literature review examines the various applications of AI in the domains that have a substantial impact on animal well-being. Firstly, AI facilitates the nuanced recognition of animal behaviors and emotions through sophisticated algorithms, offering valuable insights into their affective states. Secondly, AI revolutionizes animal nutrition by optimizing feed formulations and analyzing intake parameters. In terms of health management, AI systems integrate sensors, analytics, and knowledge bases to enable continuous monitoring, disease prevention, and prompt diagnosis. The review also explores how AI can transform housing environments through automated adjustments and real-time data-driven cleaning. Furthermore, it emphasizes the contributions of AI in predicting potential disease outbreaks by identifying patterns from extensive datasets. Continuous surveillance and timely interventions guided by AI technology ensure improved livestock health. Nevertheless, AI does have limitations, including its reliance on data, lack of reasoning capabilities, and high costs. To address these limitations, a balanced approach is recommended, which harnesses the precision of AI in conjunction with human expertise. Ultimately, with responsible implementation, AI holds great promise for advancing animal welfare in the realms of agriculture, conservation, and companion species.

This review presents an overview of the antimicrobial effects of organic acids on growth performance, intestinal health, and carcass characteristics in broiler chickens. Supplementing broiler diets with organic acids enhances growth performance by improving body weight and feed conversion ratio. Furthermore, organic acids play a role in maintaing gastrointestinal health, decreasing the presence of pathogenic bacteria, and facilitating the proliferation of acid-resistant microbes, ultimately improving carcass characteristics.

Fruit and vegetable peels, rich in nutrients such as fiber and phenolic compounds, can boost livestock productivity, enhancing milk, meat, and draught power. Their use as animal feed reduces organic waste, cuts greenhouse gas emissions, and decreases dependence on grain-based feeds, offering a sustainable solution with significant nutritional and environmental advantages.