Highlights

• Even without progressing to type 2 diabetes, gestational hyperglycemia is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
• The association between gestational hyperglycemia and CVD risk could be modified by lifestyle factors and hypertension.
• Subsequent blood pressure management and lifestyle intervention for women with gestational hyperglycemia are important approaches to prevent CVD.

Highlights We evaluated Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for the effect of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was used as an indicator of LVH. LVMI levels significantly decreased after administration of SGLT2i. After SGLT2i treatment, LVMI levels in the patients who had LVH significantly decreased compared with patients without LVH. SGLT2i was therefore shown to improve LVH in patients with T2DM.

Highlights

• The efficacy of the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone (2-4 mg daily, peroral) was compared with amitriptyline in people with painful diabetic neuropathy in a randomized crossover trial.
• Low-dose naltrexone showed comparable efficacy but a greater safety and tolerability profile, suggesting its future evaluation in this chronic debilitating condition.

Highlights

• High levels of serum testosterone in men and Chr17:76356190 (SOCS3) and Chr17:76356199 (SOCS3) methylation were related to a lower chance of presenting type 2 diabetes (T2D).
• Testosterone was positively associated with Chr17:76356190 (SOCS3) methylation in men, as well as Chr17:76356199 (SOCS3) methylation in women.
• Chr17:76356190 (SOCS3) methylation partially mediated the association between testosterone and T2D in Chinese rural men.

Highlights

• We revealed a high disease burden in the low-middle sociodemographic index (SDI) quintile, Southeast Asia, and Iran, the United Kingdom, Indonesia, Georgia, and the Czech Republic, and determined that the increased burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) is mainly attributable to lifestyle factors (eg, high body mass index, low physical activity, high fasting plasma glucose, and high sugar-sweetened beverage and red meat intakes).
• Our study adds important information about the spatial distribution of T2DM burden and the contributions of risk factors to T2DM DALYs globally.

Highlights

• There are worldwide differences in the frequency of CD in children with T1D with higher prevalence in girls and those with young onset. Differences in anthropometric outcomes in children with T1D and CD highlights the importance of close follow-up of growth and antibodies in these children. In many regions, children with CD and T1D are more likely to use modern technologies compared to non-CD subjects. Diabetes control in children with CD and T1D varies between regions and needs improvement.

Highlights

• By clarifying the association between prepregnancy obesity and preterm birth among Asian Americans, one of the most fast-growing subpopulations in the United States, our study provides important evidence for tailored clinical recommendations for pregnant women of this race.
• These findings also highlight the importance of using Asian-specific body mass index cutoffs in assessing risk of preterm birth among Asian American mothers.
• This may have broad implications for Asian countries, which have the largest population in the world.

Highlights

• Androgen receptor DNA methylation was positively associated with impaired fasting glucose in women and the serum testosterone played negative moderation effects on the associations.
• The individuals experiencing low testosterone and androgen receptor DNA methylation levels reported a lower state of impaired fasting glucose than those who experienced high levels of serum testosterone and androgen receptor DNA methylation in women.

Highlights

• This is the first study to suggest that postload glucose spikes (PGS), defined as the difference between 2-hour postload and fasting glucose measured after myocardial infarction (MI), are robust enough to predict post-MI prognosis in patients without known or newly diagnosed diabetes.
• In patients without diabetes, PGS is a stronger determinant of post-MI prognosis than 2-hour postload glucose.

Highlights

• Sleep management plays a role as a potential target to prevent dementia, and sleep problems are common in patients with type 2 diabetes.
• Type 2 diabetes patients with sleep disorders were found to have more incidence of all cause dementia, Alzheimer disease, and other dementia.
• In patients with type 2 diabetes, men and older adults with sleep disorders were associated with an increased risk of dementia compared to their counterparts without sleep disorders.

Highlights

• We examined whether there are any differences in the developmental mechanisms of muscle wasting in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and those without DM.
• Enhanced cortisol concentration has a negative impact on muscle mass in CHF patients without DM in addition to malnutrition and reduction in fasting plasma insulin.
• Renin-angiotensin system activation may be responsible for the development of muscle wasting in CHF patients with DM.