Highlights

• This is the first multicenter, large-sample and cross-sectional study of the relationship between RC and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) in the Chinese community adults.
• RC is highly correlated with UACR, and at high RC level, the patients with critical values of blood pressure, BMI, and blood glucose has a more significant correlation between RC and UACR.

Highlights

• Based on nationwide insurance data in Korea, the use of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP-IVi) not requiring renal dose adjustment (NRDA DPP-IVi) is widespread in the type 2 diabetes chronic kidney disease (T2D CKD) population.
• Instead of prescribing NRDA DPP-IVi, the use of DPP-IVi requiring renal dose adjustment with appropriate renal dose adjustments in T2D CKD patients can achieve a considerable annual cost saving of up to 7.8%.

Highlights

• Skeletal and cardiac muscle microvasculature critically regulates tissue perfusion and the delivery of nutrients, oxygen, and hormones and thus the health and function of skeletal and cardiac muscle. Both insulin and GLP-1 increase skeletal and cardiac muscle microvascular perfusion but insulin's action is blunted whereas GLP-1's effect is preserved in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This may contribute to the salutary cardiovascular protective effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonists seen in multiple clinical trials.

Highlights

• In diet-managed gestational diabetes mellitus pregnancies, the novel large-for-gestational-age (LGA) risk factor of fetal abdominal circumference determined at 24- to 28-week fetal ultrasound can identify women at risk as well as the known risk factors of maternal parity, prepregnancy body mass index, and gestational age.
• Smoking reduces LGA risk but has other harms.
• Early identification of risk factors for LGA allows early intervention to mitigate LGA risk, such as restriction of excessive further maternal gestational weight gain and other therapies, which may include insulin, though unproven.

Highlights

• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) were significantly associated with bone mineral density in male with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
• FSH was strongly associated with fracture risk measured by the modified Fracture Risk Algorithm (FRAX) tool in males with T2DM.
• T2DM males with both higher FSH and lower E2 had the highest risk of incident osteoporosis/osteopenia.

Highlights

• Women whose husbands are smokers are at an increased risk of having impaired fasting glucose or diabetes, and this association exists in both a categorical and dose-response manner.
• We found an interaction effect of body mass index and husbands’ smoking on the risk of dysglycemia in their wives.
• Husbands' smoking cessation or reduced amount of smoking is beneficial for prevention of dysglycemia in their wives.
• Practical family-oriented approaches for smoking cessation and smoking restriction are warranted.

Highlights

• Food insecurity is a major public health problem that highlights social disparities and negatively affects those with chronic diseases, including diabetes.
• Interventions targeting food insecurity in those with diabetes have shown little improvement in glycemic control despite improving food security status.
• This suggests a complex relationship between glycemic control and food insecurity that is likely mediated by many diverse socioeconomic factors.

Highlights

• Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) presents with remarkable pathophysiological and phenotypic heterogeneity.
• There is a need for further understanding the complex underlying mechanisms of the disorder.
• Apart from insulin, agents used in type 2 diabetes (T2D) management might have a role in assisting glycemic control and preserving beta cell function in people with LADA.

Highlights

• Chinese dietary preferences had different geographical distribution, which is related to the local climate and consumption level based on large-scale Internet passively collected data. Fried food, grilled food, and sweet food preferences were positively related to diabetes risk whereas spicy food preference was negatively correlated with diabetes risk. Dietary preferences based on passively collected Internet data could be used to predict regional prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and BMI and showed good value for public health monitoring.

Highlights

• Some studies have indicated that low birth weight is significantly associated with diabetes, but the association is contentious, and the effects of body mass index (BMI) and lifestyle in later life on the association are unclear.
• This study provides new evidence for a U-shaped association between birth weight and the risk of diabetes.
• Normal BMI or a healthy lifestyle may mitigate the negative effects of low birth weight in the development of diabetes.