Endoscopic ultrasound guided needle aspirates in the mediastinum can occasionally produce diagnostic difficulties. We describe a mesothelial lesion which presented in this way and outline the process used to make the final diagnosis.

The origin of metastatic tumours with cytoplasmic vacuoles can be difficult to determine. Not all primary tumours are adenocarcinomas. A rare sub type of a non-epithelial tumour is described and confirmed with the help of immunohistochemical markers.

Unusual lesions presenting as lumps on the skin can be diagnosed with some confidence by cytology. We describe the cytological features of an uncommon tumor on the scalp.

This case highlights an important differential diagnosis for testicular swellings associated with infertility and showed typical cytoplasmic inclusions which are characteristic although not always present even on histopathology.

In this report we describe the means of diagnosing an incidental abdominal wall lump in an otherwise asymptomatic patient who had a history of previously treated breast carcinoma. FNAC and excision showed the lesion to be a granular cell tumor. Granular cell tumors are quite rare in subcutaneous tissue. FNAC is easily available, widely acceptable and minimally invasive and it can readily be used to screen and characterize such lesions.

Lung carcinoma can rarely present initially with a pericardial effusion. We describe a case with clearly illustrated images to emphasise that this situation can be encountered in everyday cytology practice.

The authors provide a self-assessment style quiz on various types of urinary cast and their clinical relevance.

Quiz related to cytological examination of infiltrated mediastinal lymph nodes after Endobronchial Ultrasound Transbronchial Aspiration.

Primary Biphasic Synovial Sarcoma of the thyroid gland is exceedingly rare and cytological diagnosis can be very challenging and insidious. A cytological diagnosis of Biphasic Synovial Sarcoma can be hypothesized by an experienced cytopathologist, within a well-coordinate multidisciplinary team work.

Aspiration from recurrent post auricular swelling is always diagnostic challenge. Presence of polykaryocyte and eosinophil along with serological finding helps in appropriate diagnosis.

In this paper we have described a very rare case of actinomycosis in bronchoalveolar lavage.

Sputum cytology is a simple non-invasive technique which can lead to rapid diagnosis of many pulmonary lesions. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) can further aid in the diagnosis by providing a cleaner background. There are only a few reports of detection of cryptococcus in sputum samples. We report a case of cryptococcosis diagnosed on sputum cytology aided with LBC.

A 12-year-old male patient came to our clinic with a growing neck mass on the right side. A painless mass was observed in the right neck area below the chin in the physical examination. A single, hypoechoic, solid lesion of approximately 3 cm in size, adjacent to the mandibular area, was detected using ultrasonography. An ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed.