This Special Issue is focused on the evolution of proteomics towards clinical applications. Based on first implemented results, proteomics is beginning to deliver on the original promise: to significantly improve diagnosis, therapy, and patient care. The symbiosis of diagnosis and therapy through proteomics is expected to revolutionize patient management, enabling personalized medicine. Further information can be found in the Editorial of the Special Issue by M. Frantzi, H. Mischak, and A. Latosinska in article 1800094.