We, for the first time, calculated that the prevalence of NEUROD1-MODY was less than 0.15% in Chinese patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. The p.P197H variant of the NEUROD1 gene significantly decreased the transcriptional activity of the insulin promoter by nearly 50% compared with that of the wild type. This variant might result in MODY in Chinese individuals with a higher penetrance than Caucasians. The possible differences of NEUROD1-MODY phenotypes exist between Asians and Caucasians.

Gut microbiota influences the progression of diabetic nephropathy through gut-kidney axis.

This study analyzed the burden of chronic kidney disease due to type 2 diabetes (CKD-T2D) in China from 1990 to 2021 and projected its trends through 2036. The overall disease burden of CKD-T2D exhibited a gradual decline during 1990–2021, while the incidence continued to rise. Notably, 2021 demonstrated a pronounced age effect, and period effects further contributed to increased risks. Metabolic risk factors, including fasting plasma glucose and body mass index, contributed most significantly to the burden. Projections suggest that mortality rates and disability-adjusted life years are expected to decline by 2036, whereas the incidence is projected to persistently increase.