Highlights

• The single-cell transcriptome map of Zucker diabetic fatty rats' pancreatic endocrine cells after bariatric surgery were reported for the first time.
• An increased ratio of pancreatic β cells, which is associated with other pancreatic endocrine cell types transdifferentiated into β cells, was observed following bariatric surgery.
• For the first time, we identify the elevation of cells in the pancreas following bariatric surgery, which is indirect evidence to support the existence of transdifferentiation.

Highlights

• Individuals with diabetes tend to report their health as less than very good more frequently compared to individuals without diabetes
• We have identified several factors that influence self-rated health in individuals with diabetes. Depression, pain, and memory function emerged as the most influential factors.
• Self-rated health was determined to be an independent predictor of quality of life.

Highlights

• A large-scale study investigating the joint prognostic effect of TyG and hsCRP in patients with CCS.
• Patients with CCS who exhibit elevated levels of both TyG and hsCRP are at the highest risk of MACE.
• Simultaneous assessment of TyG and hsCRP may be valuable in identifying the high-risk populations and guiding management strategies among patients with CCS.

Highlights

• GDM is now a well-established risk factor for developing T2DM. This risk appears to be particularly high in the first few years after childbirth, providing a compelling case for early intervention.
• This review found equivocal evidence about the efficacy of preventive interventions on development of T2DM in women with a recent (within 5 years) history of GDM.
• Very few data evaluating pharmacotherapy were available, highlighting the need for further studies.

Highlights

• The incidence and management of DKA and HHS, emergent complications of diabetes mellitus, were affected during the pandemic.
• In this study, we showed that DKA- and HHS-related mortality increased dramatically during the pandemic, with widening age, sex, and racial/ethnic disparities.
• Our findings have implications for public health strategies to improve diabetes care and suggest a greater focus on these populations during future public health crises.

Highlights

• This is the first investigation comparing remnant cholesterol (RC) and traditional lipids and lipid ratios with diabetes, prediabetes, and insulin resistance (IR) among a large, multicenter Chinese general population.
• RC is more positively related to diabetes, prediabetes, and IR than other conventional lipids and lipid ratios.
• The relationship between RC and diabetes, prediabetes, and IR are stable, even if conventional lipids are at appropriate levels.
• There is a significant indirect effect of IR between RC and diabetes and prediabetes with mediation.

Highlights

• Transient colonization by viable B. fragilis reduces type 1 diabetes incidence in NOD mice.
• Alpha-galactosylceramide-producing B. fragilis induces anti-inflammatory immunity.
• Protection against diabetes by B. fragilis is not based on systemic immune cells.
• B. fragilis may become a next-generation probiotic for prevention of type 1 diabetes.

Highlights

• In middle-aged and elderly adults, poorly managed estimate glucose disposal rate (eGDR) levels are linked to an increased risk of stroke.
• As a result, controlling eGDR levels in stroke prevention measures needs additional focus.
• Furthermore, dynamic tracking of long-term eGDR changes may be able to identify those who are more likely to have a stroke early on, which could make it easier to put more focused preventive measures in place.

Highlights

• The current study is the first one, to our knowledge, that clustered and typed a large sample, multicenter Chinese community-based diabetic populations.
• This is also the first study, to our knowledge, that reported the MIDD cluster, which had a low risk burden equivalent to prediabetes, but with reduced insulin secretion.
• We explored differences in lifestyle habits and family history of disease among the various clusters of patients, which has rarely been studied previously.

Highlights

• Glargine insulin may be given early in diabetic ketoacidosis management, but pediatric data are sparse.
• Early administration of glargine insulin was associated with less rebound hyperglycemia but with more hypoglycemia during IV insulin infusion.

Highlights

• The IGT_non_MetS or IGT_MetS increased the risk of CV mortality and events.
• We found that the IGT_non_MetS and IGT_MetS groups had higher risk of all-cause mortality, MI events or MI mortality, and stroke events or stroke mortality compared with the NGT_non_MetS group.
• Tailoring interventions according to whether IGT was accompanied by MetS can potentially maximize cost-effectiveness, especially within the constraints of limited medical resources.

Highlights

• Serum β2-MG significantly increased in T2DM patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).
• Serum β2-MG levels were associated with LVH prevalence in patients with T2DM.