Highlights

• There was a U-shaped relationship between glycemic gap and stroke recurrence during a long-term follow-up in a Chinese ischemic stroke registry.
• Clinical physicians should remain vigilant in the fluctuation of glucose level and use individualized glucose control strategies in patients with ischemic stroke.

Highlights

• Health literacy (H)L-driven interventions were effective in controlling glycemic levels and improving diabetes self-management outcomes.
• The level of glycemic control and self-management skills were improved better through individual and telephone-based intervention, respectively, in comparing group intervention.
• Community worker led interventions were effective in improvements in diabetes knowledge and self-care behaviors; however, nurse-led interventions were more effective in glycemic control.
• Better glycemic control was achieved in hospital settings compared with outpatient settings.
• HL interventions yielded better improvement in self-management among people with a longer diabetes duration (more than 7 years) than those with short duration of diabetes.
• It was possible to achieve a significant reduction in HbA1c level after a 3-month intervention in hospital settings.

Highlights

• Controversial changes in intestinal hormones after bariatric surgery (BS) were summarized.
• The changes of signaling proteins involved in insulin resistance and the newly proposed changes in growth differentiation factor 15, exosomes, and extracellular vesicles after BS were elucidated.
• The interactions between bile acids and gut microbiota and the gut–brain axis play an indispensable role in BS.

Highlights

• Ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a novel type of diabetes mellitus, distinguished from type 1 diabetes mellitus and T2DM. Its clinical characteristics are complex and there is a lack of auxiliary tools for differential diagnosis.
• Ketosis-prone T2DM is a specific but common subtype in newly diagnosed T2DM patients in China, with specific clinical characteristics.
• Based on age, fasting C-peptide, free fatty acids, glycated hemoglobin A_1c and urinary protein, our study provided an effective clinical risk prediction model for ketosis-prone T2DM, which could help for precise classification and management.

Highlights

• This is the first multicenter, cross-sectional study on the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving metformin treatment.
• About one out of five patients with T2DM receiving ≥1500 mg/day metformin could develop vitamin B12 deficiency.
• High daily dosage of metformin (≥1500 mg/day) played an important role in metformin-related vitamin B12 deficiency while not contributing to the risk of peripheral neuropathy.

Highlights

• Increased glutamate is associated with the development of diabetes.
• Glutamate increases plasminogen (PLG) levels through glutamate metabotropic receptor 5 activation with various insulin resistance-related stresses.
• Glutamate inhibits the conversion of PLG to plasmin by increasing plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.

Highlights

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass are effective for reducing weight and improving metabolic parameters in Chinese patients with obesity. These interventions resulted in improved glycemic control, as evidenced by decreased glycated hemoglobin levels, reduced insulin resistance, and improved cardiovascular profiles.