Highlights

• The first multicenter, large-sample study of the relationship between remnant cholesterol (RC) and diabetes.
• RC is independently associated with diabetes.
• RC represents residual diabetes risk beyond traditional lipids.

Highlights

• Approximately 7.4 million Americans with diabetes use one or more formulations of insulin and the price of insulin tripled from 2002 to 2013. There are limited studies to explore the impact of insulin price, particularly on the uninsured population.
• For insured people, there was little impact on the out-of-pocket (OOP) payment for patients with diabetes using insulin treatment during the insulin price rise. The burden was borne mainly by insurance.
• When the high insulin price issue came into the uninsured population, the financial burden became urgent because the consequences of rationing insulin are deadly. After the Affordable Care Act was enacted, the uninsured population had $403.96 and $143.64 more OOP payments than people with public and private insurance, respectively.

Highlights

ML suggests that when the HbA1c gap from a previous visit is >11 mmol/mol (1.0%) there is a greater probability that insulin therapy will be initiated, but when HbA1c gap is <6.6 mmol/mol (0.6%), a timely initiation of insulin therapy is less probable. Furthermore, for individuals initiated on insulin in a timely manner, the HbA1c gap is systematically higher than for those patients who have experienced clinical inertia. This key driver correlated with insulin therapy initiation could help combat clinical inertia.

Highlights

• Retinal age gap is a non-invasive and cost-effective aging biomarker.
• Retinal age gap was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome and inflammation.
• Retinal age gap could be potentially used as a screening tool for metabolic syndrome in large populations.

Highlights

• Sex differences are observed in the progression of chronic kidney disease; however, it is uncertain whether sex is associated with the risk of kidney failure in type 2 diabetes.
• In this multicenter cohort study, men had a higher risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) than women, and moderately increased albuminuria was strongly associated with sex difference in developing ESKD in patients with type 2 diabetes.
• Sex differences may affect the risk of kidney disease progression because of type 2 diabetes.

Highlights

• Achievement of glycemic, lipid, and blood pressure targets are suboptimal.
• Individuals with type 1 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have more difficulty reaching treatment targets than individuals with diabetes without CVD.
• More consideration may be required for individuals with a previous cardiovascular event and type 1 diabetes.

Highlights

In asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, a negative correlation of glycated hemoglobin with subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction was revealed. Furthermore, glycated hemoglobin may make prognostic significance for the progression of myocardial damage.