Highlights

• In diet-managed gestational diabetes mellitus pregnancies, the novel large-for-gestational-age (LGA) risk factor of fetal abdominal circumference determined at 24- to 28-week fetal ultrasound can identify women at risk as well as the known risk factors of maternal parity, prepregnancy body mass index, and gestational age.
• Smoking reduces LGA risk but has other harms.
• Early identification of risk factors for LGA allows early intervention to mitigate LGA risk, such as restriction of excessive further maternal gestational weight gain and other therapies, which may include insulin, though unproven.

Highlights

• A glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value ≥6.0% could be used to detect diabetes in Chinese adults aged ≥40 years.
• Although an HbA1c value of 5.6% to 5.9% was indicated to detect prediabetes in the current study using both cross-sectional and follow-up data, the overall discrimination of HbA1c for prediabetes was poor.

Highlights

• Low-dose intake of alcohol is associated with a lower risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in nondiabetic participants.
• Joint exposure to heavy drinking and diabetes is associated with a substantially higher risk of ESKD.
• Recommendations on alcohol intake among patients at risk of ESKD should consider the presence of diabetes as a comorbidity.

Highlights

• Low serum creatinine level was associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among people who were overweight and obese.
• A linear association was found between serum creatinine and T2DM risk.

Highlights

• Blood levels of endotoxin, uric acid (UA), or lactate (LAC) were associated with systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
• The interaction between levels of endotoxin and UA or levels of endotoxin and LAC was related to an increased systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and T2DM.

Highlights

• Serum total bile acids (TBAs) are significantly associated with a high risk of incident type 2 diabetes (T2D).
• Serum TBAs are positively associated with longitudinal changes in glucose-related metabolic traits.
• Insulin resistance indicated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) might partially mediate this association of TBAs with T2D.
• Our findings spark novel therapeutic approaches for metabolic diseases depending on bile acids.