Highlights

• Skeletal and cardiac muscle microvasculature critically regulates tissue perfusion and the delivery of nutrients, oxygen, and hormones and thus the health and function of skeletal and cardiac muscle. Both insulin and GLP-1 increase skeletal and cardiac muscle microvascular perfusion but insulin's action is blunted whereas GLP-1's effect is preserved in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This may contribute to the salutary cardiovascular protective effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonists seen in multiple clinical trials.

Highlights

• Elevated isoleucine, tyrosine, and alanine levels in early pregnancy are independently and significantly associated with subsequent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
• Incorporating isoleucine and tyrosine into the conventional model modestly increased the discrimination ability but significantly improved the reclassification ability of the new model.
• New GDM risk prediction models including amino acids levels in early pregnancy might help clinicians to identify high-risk population of GDM.

Highlights

• This is the first prospective nested case-control study in rural Chinese people to estimate the association of the methylation level of the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) gene and its interaction with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk.
• We found a significant negative association between the methylation level of TXNIP gene and T2DM incidence.
• Interaction among TXNIP gene hypomethylation, obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia increased the risk of T2DM.

Highlights

• This study included a large sample of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who underwent renal biopsy and were followed-up for more than 1 year.
• The implication of immunofluorescence in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) may have been overlooked by clinicians. In this study, we intended to pinpoint the association between the glomerular immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposit and the clinicopathological features and renal prognosis in patients with DN and further determine the patterns of the IgG subclass deposit on the kidney tissues.

Highlights

• Human islets from obese subjects display low sensitivity to gluco-lipotoxicity.
• Partial protection is associated with less induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and greater expression of forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1).

Highlights

Diabetic myocardium in Asian Indians showed

• decreased cardiac mitochondrial complex I respiration
• unaltered mitochondrial DNA copy number
• unaffected regulation of fatty acid metabolism
• similar levels of sirtuins and acetylated acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
• lack of increased oxidative stress