Highlights

• Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery improved glucose metabolism and the extent of inflammation and endotoxemia in Zucker diabetic fatty rats.
• Reductions in inflammatory tone and metabolic endotoxemia may be mediated by improved tight junction integrity and intestinal barrier strength induced by RYGB procedures.

Highlights

• The incidence of ventricular arrhythmia increased with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) severity at night-time.
• Nocturnal ventricular arrhythmias caused by CAN may be associated with circadian rhythm of cardiac parasympathetic nervous system damage or abnormal sympathetic reinnervation.
• In patients with type 2 diabetes, CAN stage was independently associated with the presence of nocturnal ventricular arrhythmias.

Highlights

• The natural history of type 1 diabetes cannot be simply described by the Eisenbarth model. In this study, patients' β-cell function at the time of initial diagnosis differed considerably and β-cell function decline after diagnosis was non-linear and tapering.
• In addition, individuals with long disease duration could still have considerable residual C-peptide secretion. Initial fasting C-peptide levels may predict β-cell function failure.

Highlights

• Chinese women develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with fewer risk factors than Caucasian women, including lower body mass index, yet resulting in a far higher GDM prevalence.
• Pregnancy outcomes among Chinese women with and without GDM appear similar, whereas more adverse pregnancy outcomes occur among Caucasian women with than without GDM.
• This work suggests that a precision medicine risk prediction approach is needed that considers ethnicity and identifies and manages GDM and related risks.

Highlights

• This study reveals independent predictors for residual β-cell function (RBF) in young patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes within Chinese Han populations.
• Using a nomogram, we can provide an individualized risk estimate of RBF.

Highlights

• High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is overexpressed in the blood of patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and DN serum-treated MPC5 cells.
• The combination of HMGB1 removal and addition of rapamycin inhibited DN serum-induced cell apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by regulating autophagy.
• The combination of HMGB1 short interference RNA and the autophagy activator rapamycin protected podocytes against apoptosis by inhibiting AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, and blunted EMT progression by downregulating the transforming growth factor-β/smad signaling pathway.