Inhalation therapy is a highly individualized concept of therapy. Age, maturity and comorbidities have to be considered when choosing a specific inhalation device. Standardized algorithms may support this decision process. A close monitoring is essential as it may detect handling mistakes and the need to modify the device concept. A routine reevaluation of the inhalation concept should be implemented with age, maturation and new occurring comorbidities.

Pulmonary tuberculosis presenting secondary OP and AFOP are rare. We present a case of 44-year-old male with AFOP secondary to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and searched existing literature relevant to OP and AFOP caused by tuberculosis.

Serum soluble CD206 (sCD206) was elevated in MDA5-DM/CADM-ILD patients with acute/subacute interstitial lung disease (AILD/SILD) compared with chronic interstitial lung disease (CILD). Serum sCD206 high level was associated with shorter survival in MDA5-DM/CADM-ILD patients.

Several lines of evidence suggest the role of polymorphisms in NOS genes to affect asthma etiology or prognosis. However, data are varying depending on the nature of variant, ethnicity, study and comparison design differences, and disease parameters. Moreover, a very few polymorphisms are studied in different ethnic groups or localities. Thus, replication of available data will refine the evidence regarding the role of various NOS gene polymorphisms in affecting the etiology and prognosis of asthma.

Low-level pressure support ventilation (PSV) is most commonly adopted in spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs). This study aims to investigate the effects of two PSV protocols on the patients' respiratory mechanics. These findings suggest that the enhanced low-level PSV protocol was more likely to induce a higher number of patient–ventilator asynchronies in difficult-to-wean patients.

This study confirmed that the distribution of PH aetiology in respiratory department differs from the total population. TTE is more suitable for the diagnosis of pulmonary artery obstructive pulmonary hypertension in the respiratory department, but overall, there are still limitations compared to RHC and further studies are needed to set the threshold values.

Baseline blood eosinophil count of ≥3.5% might be a marker to predict the benefits of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) on preventing exacerbation among patients with bronchiectasis.

A prognostic nomogram for lung squamous cell carcinoma patients having brain metastases. The nomogram shows the 3-, 6-, and 9-month probabilities of overall survival in this population, which could assist physicians with personalized clinical decisions and treatment of patients.

This meta-analysis suggests that the GLCCI1 rs37973 variant had significant influence on ICS therapy in patients with asthma. Compared with the AA and AG group, the GG group had smaller improvement in lung function with ICS. Our meta-analysis could provide evidence for the optimisation of ICS therapy by GLCCI1 rs37973 genotyping in clinical practice.

Critically ill Covid-19 patients treated in the ICU in Saudi Arabia had a greater mortality risk when they had VTE risk and blood hyperlactatemia. These findings indicated that these individuals required more efficient VTE preventive methods based on evaluating their bleeding risk and monitoring together glucose and lactate, including in people without diabetes.

Low or abnormal intake of selenium and vitamins A and E can significantly increase the incidence of COVID-19 and hospitalization due to it.