Single Slide Assessment (SSA) is highly effective when applied to ROSE to allow confirmation of sufficient material for a comprehensive diagnosis obtained in one procedure. ROSE SSA streamlines diagnostic pathways, minimising risk of complications to patients, reducing cost and delays to treatment associated with repeat or more invasive procedures.

Clinical outcomes remain unclear in patients suspected of having pancreatic cancer with indeterminate endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) results. Our work shows that the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients can be predicted by indeterminate findings at initial EUS-FNA

Cytology and histology present pros and cons in the preoperative evaluation of solid pancreatic lesions, and which one should be preferred is still a matter of debate. The use of the touch imprint cytology on EUS-fine-needle-biopsy specimens allows to combine the benefits by providing cytological and histological samples acquired during the same procedure and with the same needle. In our study sample quality and diagnostic yield of EUS standard cytology and EUS touch imprint cytology were evaluated in patients who underwent EUS-FNA and paired EUS-FNB with rapid-on-site assessment of the same lesion.

In this article we assessed the preoperative tumor grade of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (panNENs) by determining the Ki-67 index in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) material using the 2017 WHO grading guidelines. We correlated the preoperative tumor grade with the postoperative tumor grade in surgical specimens and found that tumor grade in patients with PanNENs can be reliably determined by assessing the Ki-67 index in EUS-FNA specimens based on the 2017 WHO classification and grading system.

Recently, neuroendocrine markers such as SYP, CGA, and NCAM have been used with high specificity and sensitivity for PNETs. However, there are similarities in cell structure and immunocytochemistry between pancreatic solid tumors. We reported INSM1 positivity in all histological specimens of PNETs examined including high grade PNETs. This can be considered a useful biomarker.

Decreased SMAD4 immunolabeling provides improved diagnostic sensitivity as compared to negative SMAD4 immunolabeling. SMAD4 staining using EUS-FNA samples might be helpful to detect malignancies that possess SMAD4 gene abnormalities.

This study aims to develop a clinical management regimen for atypical endometrial cell (ATEC) categories within the descriptive reporting format for endometrial cytology, as no study, to date, has investigated the involvement of ATEC-US (ATEC with undetermined significance) or ATEC-A (ATEC, , cannot exclude atypical endometrial hyperplasia or more) in malignancy. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with ATEC to determine risk factors for the malignancy. This study suggests that an endometrial biopsy should be considered for patients with ATEC with more than two risk factors.

The distinction of high grade endometrial malignancies from functional endometrial atypias and benign endometrial alterations is crucial for appropriate clinical management. In the setting of cytological screening of endometrial carcinomas, IMP3 is a helpful immunomarker to aid separation of serous carcinoma from endometrioid carcinoma and surface papillary syncytial change.

This prospective multicenter study comparing the clinical performance of liquid-based endometrial cytology using SurePathTM with that of the suction endometrial tissue biopsy is the basis for our highlighting the benefits of the liquid-based endometrial cytology system using the descriptive reporting format (the Yokohama System for reporting endometrial cytology) and recommending an algorithmic interpretational approach.

The present study decribes the cytomorphologic spectrum of nine cases of chordoma, including uncommon types, confirmed by brachyury immunostaining. This constitutes the largest series of chordomas diagnosed on cytology and highlights the value of FNAC in the primary diagnosis of this tumour, with its important treatment implications.

Capitanio et al provide a succinct review of digital cytopathology technology with particularly good overviews of scanner focusing methodologies as well as explanations of deep focusing techniques. The aim of this letter to the editor is to briefly comment and expand on some of the information provided by these authors.