Using tissue microarray, we examined the density of 16 immune biomarkers in 280 ICC patients who underwent hepatectomy, and established a novel IS_ICC-based prediction model (IPM) to predict patients’ overall survival with bilirubin, tumor numbers, CEA, CA19-9, γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), HBsAg and IS_ICC. The new model may provide a better prediction performance for the overall survival of patients with resectable ICC in clinical practice.

In this work, we identified fragments of soluble cytokine receptor of interleukin (IL)-23 receptor with affinity ability to its natural ligand IL-23 in non-small cell lung carcinoma patients’ serum. The balance between the 2 antagonists can work as a potential prognostic serum marker.

The present study confirmed that pre–therapeutic M2 macrophage infiltration would be a useful biomarker in predicting the response to NAC and unfavorable survival among a variety of immune cells in EC patients. Our results support the possibility of using immunotherapy, targeting M2 macrophages, alongside conventional neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Our findings indicate that cisplatin-upregulated PD-L2 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells via STAT1/3 activation and the expression of PD-L2 are likely to be associated with malignancy in OSCC. The PD-L2 expression in cisplatin-resistant OSCC cells may be a critical factor in the prognosis of advanced OSCC patients.

Early induction of the IgG response has been reported as a useful biomarker of favorable prognosis for cancer patients treated with a peptide vaccination, but a portion of these patients (IgG nonresponders) fail to achieve an early induction of IgG response yet experience long-term survival. Here we found the usefulness of classical T-cell markers (ie, the CD8 content and the CD4/CD8 ratio in peripheral blood) as biomarkers in IgG nonresponders among ovarian cancer patients treated with a personalized peptide vaccination.

The authors observed that anthrax toxin receptor 1 (ANTXR1) expression was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer (GC) tissue and its overexpression was associated with poor prognosis of GC patients. A series of in vitro and in vivo assays were carried out through strategies of loss- or gain-of-function and rescue assays to find that ANTXR1 promotes gastric cancer progression through activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

MicroRNA-92b-3p was found to act as an oncomiR, promoting cell proliferation by downregulating TSC1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and predicts poor patient overall survival.

It remains unknown whether p62 is involved in the development of bladder cancer (BCa). We found that p62 is often overexpressed in human BCa tissue and cell lines and promotes BCa cell growth by activating the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2-dependent antioxidative response.

Luteolin suppresses cell proliferation through downregulation of mTOR signaling and upregulation of p21 in bladder cancers both in vitro and in vivo. mTOR activity is correlated with invasive ability in human bladder cancer cases. A metabolite of luteolin decreases cell viability and squamous differentiation in in vivo rat bladder cancer models.

MeT5A (immortalized mesothelial cells) and RAW264.7 (macrophage lineage cells) were damaged by tremolite but not anthophyllite. Tremolite induced diffuse peritoneal thickening, whereas anthophyllite induced focal fibrosis. Furthermore, tremolite-induced malignant mesothelioma frequently lost Cdkn2a/2b.

Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1 insufficiency induces protease-activated receptor-2 activation, resulting in tumor promotion through nuclear factor-κB activation and tumor angiogenesis

Our research shows that Krüppel-like factor 4/GINS complex subunit 4 (GINS4) signaling pathway could play important role in tumorigenesis and growth of human colorectal cancer (CRC). GINS4 could be an important predictor indicator for the prognosis of CRC patients.

Our study reported for the first time that L-tryptophan catabolic enzymes, tryptophan-2, 3-dioxygenase (TDO) and/or tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (TPH1), are induced in remote tissues, liver and spleen, of tumor burden model.  Similar TPH1 induction in remote liver tissues was observed with nonneoplastic liver samples from some of the colorectal cancer patients. Our findings suggest that Trp catabolism can be induced not only in tumor microenvironment but also in peripheral remote tisssues in cancer.

Downregulation of NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1) in suspended culture promoted intracellular reactive oxygen species production and induced anoikis, resulting in attenuated spheroid formation. Activation of Nqo1 by β-lapachone showed a similar effect on anoikis sensitivity and diminished spheroid formation. Overexpression of Nrf2/Nqo1 was associated with intrahepatic recurrence and was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis.

Tumor cell-derived angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) accelerates metastatic capacity of tumors in an autocrine/paracrine manner by activating tumor cell motility and invasiveness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Here we report evidence supporting a role for tumor cell-derived ANGPTL2 in establishing a preference for glycolytic metabolism. Overall, this work suggests that tumor cell-derived ANGPTL2 accelerates activities associated with glycolytic metabolism in lung cancer cells by activating TGF-β-ZEB1-GLUT3 signaling.

We show that CXCL16 derived from human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) induces expression of Ror1 through activation of STAT3 in MKN45 gastric cancer cells, resulting in promotion of proliferation and migration of MKN45 cells in vitro. Furthermore, tumor formation of MKN45 cells in nude mice can be accelerated by co–injection of MSC, in a manner that is inhibited by anti–CXCL16 neutralizing antibody and is dependent on Ror1 expression in MKN45 cells. These findings indicate that CXCL16 derived from MSC induces expression of Ror1 through activation of the STAT3 pathway in MKN45 cells, leading to the promotion of tumor formation.

The article illustrates an unidentified molecular mechanism underlying FOXM1-regulated gene transcription related to GIST cell invasion, which highlights the physiological effects of SDHB deficiency on the invasiveness of GIST.

Using the integrated multi-omics analysis, our study demonstrates that exosomes derived from MLL cells under therapy stress transmit proteasome inhibitor (PI) tolerance to recipient cells through cell cycle arrest and enhanced stemness. Exosomes can act not only as a mediator of development of PI tolerance but also as a therapeutic target to overcome PI resistance, thereby enhancing clinical benefits of PI therapy in MLL.

The postoperative distant recurrence is critical in rectal cancer patients who have received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT). We investigated NACRT-mediated mTOR activation and metastatic potential of rectal cancer, identifying p-S6 expression as a NACRT predictor of postoperative distant metastasis in rectal cancer patients, suggesting that chemoradiotherapy may modulate the mTOR signaling pathway to promote metastasis.

The evaluation of stathmin in biopsy tissues has potential as a clinical tool for predicting the outcomes of oral cancer patients undergoing docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (TPF) induction chemotherapy. Combination of TPF chemotherapy and PI3K signaling pathway inhibitors showed potent inhibition of oral cancer cells and xenografts, in which stathmin is highly expressed. Therefore, we are exploring personalized strategies of stathmin expression-based induction chemotherapy in oral cancer.

Flow of patients through the study. (A) Phase 1b part. (B) Phase 2 part.

This manuscript is a subgroup analysis of Japanese patients with advanced recurrent ovarian cancer (ROC) who were treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy from the KEYNOTE-100 study. Pembrolizumab monotherapy was associated with antitumor activity in some Japanese patients with ROC, with no new safety signals identified in this subpopulation.

This study investigated the prognostic value of the expression of cereblon (CRBN)-pathway genes on the clinical relevance of lenalidomide treatment and evaluated the levels of CRBN-binding proteins, mutations in these genes, and the methylation status of the CRBN promoter sequence. In conclusion, a decreased expression of IKZF1 and increased expression of KPNA2 compared to that of CRBN mRNA predicts poor outcomes of lenalidomide and dexamethasone therapy.

Liposomal simvastatin sensitizes C26 cells to liposomal 5-fluorouracil treatment. The combination therapy based on the administration of liposomal simvastatin and 5-fluorouracil has the potential to become a successful cancer-targeted therapy, mainly due to the inhibitory effects on the intratumor angiogenesis.

We discovered inner centromere protein-derived small peptides for cancer imaging and treatment targeting survivin.

Min mice were fed a basal diet (open box), a diet containing 500 ppm Theracurmin (gray-filled box), and a diet containing 500 ppm curcumin (black-filled box) for 8 weeks.

High-grade genomic instability (BRCAness) can be present in triple-negative breast cancer with BRCA, non-BRCA HR gene, PTEN and MSH6 mutation. We hypothesize that the heterogeneous genomic background of BRCAness indicates different responsiveness to platinum and PARP inhibitors.

Cancer-associated genes on chromosome 3 are enriched with repetitive elements and show strong intrachromosomal chromatin interactions. The genomic hotspot in the vicinity of the BAP1 locus appears to be involved in multiple cancers. Cross-species comparison revealed a shared synteny of these genes and inversions near the hotspot region in closer primates.

MicroRNA-101-5p expression was downregulated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tissues and functioned as tumor-suppressive microRNA. MicroRNA-101-5p directly regulated DONSON, which was highly expressed in ccRCC and sunitinib-resistant RCC tissues. DONSON and other replisome-related genes have a potential to be diagnostic and therapeutic targets in ccRCC.

We investigated the association between promoter DNA methylation and irradiation efficacy against oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), so that an appropriate stratification by establishing molecular classifier markers could help therapeutic optimization and de–escalation of OPSCC treatment. A methylation marker panel was developed to act as an efficacy predictor with high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in the training samples. It is noteworthy that the utility of the established prediction marker panel was consistent regardless of human papillomavirus status, and that multivariate analysis verified the methylation status of the marker panel as the only independent prognostic factor.

To determine the subtype and biological characteristics of tumor cells of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL), we performed gene expression profiling analysis using RNA extracted from vitreous samples upon diagnosis. PVRL had unique genetic features: an expression pattern different from ABC-type and relatively close to GCB-type DLBCL. CD79B mutations showed potential to serve as prognostic markers for CNS progression.

KIF3A，a member of kinesin super family, was over-expressed in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) tissues and such high KIF3A expression was associated with tumor recurrence and lymph node. Silencing of KIF3A suppressed TNBC cells proliferation, migration and invasion by repressing the Rb-E2F signaling and EMT. And the tumor size and lung metastatic nodules were less in KIF3A depletion xenograft mice.