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ISSUE INFORMATION - TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Issue Information - Table of Contents

  • Pages: 2001-2003
  • First Published: 13 September 2019

FOREWORD

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Plasticity of Myelinating Glia

R. Douglas Fields,  William D. Richardson, 
  • Pages: 2005-2007
  • First Published: 13 September 2019

SPECIAL ISSUE ARTICLES

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Uncovering the biology of myelin with optical imaging of the live brain

Robert A. Hill,  Jaime Grutzendler, 
  • Pages: 2008-2019
  • First Published: 29 April 2019
Uncovering the biology of myelin with optical imaging of the live brain
Main Points

  • Here, we discuss the development of new optical imaging approaches and provide examples of how implementation of these techniques has uncovered distinct features of developmental myelination, remodeling in the adult, and degeneration in aging and disease.

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White matter plasticity and maturation in human cognition

Sonya Bells,  Jérémie Lefebvre,  Giulia Longoni,  Sridar Narayanan,  Douglas L. Arnold,  Eleun Ann Yeh,  Donald J. Mabbott, 
  • Pages: 2020-2037
  • First Published: 24 June 2019
White matter plasticity and maturation in human cognition
Main Points

  • New imaging tools can characterize white matter plasticity and cognitive development.
  • White matter maturation predicts cognitive development.
  • In pediatric demyelinating disorders, white matter compromise predicts disrupted neural communication.

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Axoglial interactions in myelin plasticity: Evaluating the relationship between neuronal activity and oligodendrocyte dynamics

Antoinette Y. Foster,  Helena Bujalka,  Ben Emery, 
  • Pages: 2038-2049
  • First Published: 30 April 2019
Axoglial interactions in myelin plasticity: Evaluating the relationship between neuronal activity and oligodendrocyte dynamics
Main Points

  1. Axonal activity modulates the generation of myelinating cells.
  2. The myelination of individual axons can be in part determined by their level of activity.
  3. A range of signaling mechanisms influence these regional and juxtacrine myelination effects.

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Myelinated axon physiology and regulation of neural circuit function

Daumante Suminaite,  David A. Lyons,  Matthew R. Livesey, 
  • Pages: 2050-2062
  • First Published: 24 June 2019
Myelinated axon physiology and regulation of neural circuit function
Main points

  • The myelinated axon is an integrated functional unit.
  • Changes to axons and/or myelin can affect the unit's output and neuronal circuitry.
  • Myelin physiology contributes to ion homeostasis.

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Grey matter myelination

Sebastian Timmler,  Mikael Simons, 
  • Pages: 2063-2070
  • First Published: 12 March 2019
Grey matter myelination
Main points

  • Cortical areas responsible for the highest cognitive function contain less myelin.
  • Grey matter myelin may generate oscillating neuronal networks.
  • Grey matter myelin could function as an inhibitor of neuronal circuit plasticity.

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Glutamatergic signaling between neurons and oligodendrocyte lineage cells: Is it synaptic or non-synaptic?

Bartosz Kula,  Ting-Jiun Chen,  Maria Kukley, 
  • Pages: 2071-2091
  • First Published: 05 April 2019
Glutamatergic signaling between neurons and oligodendrocyte lineage cells: Is it synaptic or non-synaptic?
Main points

  • Oligodendroglia express glutamate receptors which may be activated by synaptically released glutamate or volume transmission.
  • Glutamatergic neuron-oligodendroglia signaling is important for development and functionality of oligodendrocytes and their precursors.

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Glutamate versus GABA in neuron–oligodendroglia communication

Chloé Habermacher,  María C. Angulo,  Najate Benamer, 
  • Pages: 2092-2106
  • First Published: 07 April 2019
Glutamate versus GABA in neuron–oligodendroglia communication
Main points

  • We describe recent advances in our understanding of 1) the roles of synaptic and extrasynaptic receptors of OL lineage cells, 2) the roles of OPC synaptic connectivity, and 3) the impact of glutamate and GABA signaling on activity-driven adaptive myelination.

Open Access

Oligodendrocyte involvement in Gulf War Illness

Jillian Belgrad,  Dipankar J. Dutta,  Samantha Bromley-Coolidge,  Kimberly A. Kelly,  Lindsay T. Michalovicz,  Kimberly A. Sullivan,  James P. O'Callaghan,  Richard. Douglas Fields, 
  • Pages: 2107-2124
  • First Published: 24 July 2019
Oligodendrocyte involvement in Gulf War Illness
Main points

  • Oligodendrocytes are important contributors to the pathophysiology of Gulf War illness, a chronic condition with wide-ranging neurological symptoms.

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Microglia roles in synaptic plasticity and myelination in homeostatic conditions and neurodevelopmental disorders

Ela Bar,  Boaz Barak, 
  • Pages: 2125-2141
  • First Published: 06 May 2019
Microglia roles in synaptic plasticity and myelination in homeostatic conditions and neurodevelopmental disorders
Main points

  • Malfunctioning microglia can affect myelination and brain connectivity which may lead to altered behavior.
  • Specific plasticity-related processes can be affected by distinct microglia populations with a unique signature of biological properties.

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The role of sleep and wakefulness in myelin plasticity

Luisa de Vivo,  Michele Bellesi, 
  • Pages: 2142-2152
  • First Published: 25 June 2019
The role of sleep and wakefulness in myelin plasticity
Main points

  • Myelin and the cells that form it are remarkably plastic.
  • Sleep promotes myelin formation, whereas prolonged wake induces myelin thinning and lengthens the nodes of Ranvier.
  • Sleep and wake may play a critical role in myelin plasticity.

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Transcriptional control of myelination and remyelination

Elisabeth Sock,  Michael Wegner, 
  • Pages: 2153-2165
  • First Published: 30 April 2019
Transcriptional control of myelination and remyelination
Main points

  1. Myelination is regulated by complex networks of interacting transcription factors.
  2. Transcriptional control in Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes differs strongly.
  3. Transcriptional control of myelination and remyelination has unique aspects.

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Characterization of a long noncoding RNA Pcdh17it as a novel marker for immature premyelinating oligodendrocytes

Yusuke Kasuga,  Alexander D. Fudge,  Yumeng Zhang,  Huiliang Li, 
  • Pages: 2166-2177
  • First Published: 22 July 2019
Characterization of a long noncoding RNA Pcdh17it as a novel marker for immature premyelinating oligodendrocytes
Main points

  1. Pcdh17it specifically marks newly born immature oligodendrocytes (OLs).
  2. Pcdh17it is an effective tool for studying OL dynamics in situ.
  3. Pcdh17it helps subdivide immature OLs into two distinct developmental stages, “small spidery” and “large spidery”.

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Myelin status and oligodendrocyte lineage cells over time after spinal cord injury: What do we know and what still needs to be unwrapped?

Nicole Pukos,  Matthew T. Goodus,  Fatma R. Sahinkaya,  Dana M. McTigue, 
  • Pages: 2178-2202
  • First Published: 24 August 2019
Myelin status and oligodendrocyte lineage cells over time after spinal cord injury: What do we know and what still needs to be unwrapped?
Main points

  • Oligodendrocyte formation persists for months after spinal cord injury, resulting in the formation of new myelin on demyelinated axons, in spite of fluctuating intraspinal conditions over time. The chronicity and significance are discussed herein.

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Schwann cell plasticity-roles in tissue homeostasis, regeneration, and disease

Salome Stierli,  Valerio Imperatore,  Alison C Lloyd, 
  • Pages: 2203-2215
  • First Published: 19 June 2019
Main points

  • Adult peripheral nerves are highly quiescent but regenerative following injury.
  • SCs have multiple roles in orchestrating nerve regeneration.
  • SCs have limited plasticity but regulate tissue repair with implications for tumor growth and spread.