Highlights

• Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling is an emerging promising therapeutic target for diabetes.
• Modulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, via protein and peptide-based biologics, parasite-derived molecules, plant extracts, or through microRNA interactions, will regulate the processes that determine the function of β-cells and the fate of β-cell mass.
• Therapeutic approaches targeting PI3K/Akt signaling will have broad-reaching applications for the prevention of type 1 diabetes, the preservation of islets prior and post transplantation, and the treatment of type 2 diabetes

Highlights

• Time-specific diet is a novel nutritional approach to prevent and treat cardiometabolic disease.
• Feeding-fasting cycles shape gut microbial composition and metabolite production. These alterations may play a causative role in driving the cardiometabolic benefits of intermittent fasting.
• Despite the impressive results in animals, human studies show contradicting results, possibly due to intraindividual variation involved in the host-microbiome response to diet.
• Better mechanistic understanding is required to develop personalized dietary interventions to treat cardiometabolic diseases.

Highlights

• There was a growing trend in childhood prediabetes prevalence worldwide with time and BMI.
• Higher prevalence was observed for males than females, older than younger children, urban than rural areas, and children with family histories of diabetes than those without such a history.

Highlights

• Metformin activates GDF15 expression, which reduces appetite with induction of weight loss in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
• GDF15 level is linked and correlated with the progression of diabetic complications including thrombosis, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic retinopathy.

Highlights

• There has been an increase in new cases of youth onset type 2 diabetes during the pandemic.
• Non-Hispanic Black youth have been most affected the increase in youth onset type 2 diabetes during the pandemic.
• No significant correlation was identified with clinical or biochemical COVID-19 infection in those tested.

Highlights

Neutrophil count was an independent risk factor for CKD in patients with diabetes, especially when it exceeded 3.6 × 10⁹/L, and increased neutrophil count could predict progression of CKD in patients with diabetes.

Highlights

• The gender-specific role of sphingolipids in obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions is unclear. The aim of this study is to identify ceramide species by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry that accumulate in central fat in relation to status of diabetes and gender for subjects with a body mass index ≥40 kg/m² or > 35 kg/m² with comorbidity.
• The results showed significantly increased ceramide levels in visceral tissue of patients with diabetes and prediabetes and unveiled several ceramide species that are differentially expressed in insulin-resistant females compared to males.

Highlights

• Diabetic kidney disease is a progressive disease with the pathology of glomerular damage and loss of podocytes.
• Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) can be expected to decrease the amount of podocyte excretion.
• Male patients receiving SGLT2i have better diabetic kidney disease-related parameters and podocyturia levels.

Highlights

• In real-world practice in China, once-daily basal insulin was prescribed more often than twice-daily premixed insulin to type 2 diabetes patients uncontrolled with non-insulin medications.
• Treatment with once-daily basal insulin showed similar effects on reaching glycosylated hemoglobin targets compared with twice-daily premixed insulin, even after stratification by multiple influencing factors. Less weight gain was observed in those treated with basal insulin than in those treated with premixed insulin, which might be at least partially attributed to the lower insulin dosage administered in the former group.

Highlights

• This is a multicenter study to evaluate the association of sedentary time with carotid plaque formation.
• Increased weekly sedentary time appears to be associated with increased carotid plaque formation in patients with T2DM.
• Age was a confounding factor in this study.