Highlights

• T2DM patients have prefrontal cortices changes over non-T2DM healthy individuals.
• Prefrontal cortices tissue changes are associated with cognitive deficits in T2DM patients.
• Prefrontal cortices damage is associated with poor glycemic control in T2DM.

Highlights

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with impaired memory but not with verbal fluency.
• The association between diabetes and impaired memory becomes not significant by combining undiagnosed and nondiabetics in the same category.
• Including undiagnosed diabetics and diabetics in the same category attenuates the association between diabetes and impaired memory.

Highlights

• Higher ECW/TBW ratio is independently associated with poorer cognitive function.
• Higher pulse pressure partially mediates the association.
• The association is observed in domains of delayed memory, language, and attention.

Highlights

• The prevalence of small vessel disease increased in young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes without obvious cognitive impairment.
• The presence and severity of small vessel disease and diabetic peripheral sensorimotor polyneuropathy are independently associated.
• Our findings indicated that screening and preventive strategies targeting cognition might be considered to be moved forward in patients with type 2 diabetes, especially for those with diabetic peripheral sensorimotor polyneuropathy.

Highlights

• The present study found that abdominal obesity, defined by waist circumference, was associated with an increased risk of incident diabetic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, for both men and women.
• These findings extend the knowledge on the sex-specific association between abdominal obesity and diabetic neuropathy among diabetic patients, which highlights the need for further studies to elucidate the mechanism underlying sex differences in the association between waist circumference and the risk of diabetic neuropathy.

Highlights The ACUDIN (ACUpuncture and laser acupuncture for treatment of DIabetic peripheral Neuropathy) trial showed significant effects of acupuncture compared with placebo on type 2 diabetes-induced DPN, as measured by NCS. Improvement in the primary outcome variable sural SNAP amplitude indicates structural neuroregeneration following acupuncture. Our findings are evidence that acupuncture is an appropriate safe, nonpharmacological complementary treatment option for type 2 diabetic patients with DPN.

Highlights

• There is significant decrease in pain score and symptom score like diabetic neuropathy symptoms, diabetic neuropathy examination, and neuropathic disability score with duloxetine and gabapentin.
• Equivalence of duloxetine with gabapentin was established with regard to Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores.
• Meta-analysis of studies showed comparable efficacy of duloxetine vs gabapentin in terms of VAS scores.

Highlights

• The efficacy of the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone (2-4 mg daily, peroral) was compared with amitriptyline in people with painful diabetic neuropathy in a randomized crossover trial.
• Low-dose naltrexone showed comparable efficacy but a greater safety and tolerability profile, suggesting its future evaluation in this chronic debilitating condition.