Blood-based biomarkers (BBMs) are noninvasive, cost-effective and technical convenient, thus surpassing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography imaging in population disease screening of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Relying on the standardization and comprehensiveness in application, BBMs will demonstrate a promising prospect in large-scale identification and prevention of AD.

The graphical abstract illustrates that drug-encapsulated polymer nanoparticles are engineered with proteins and peptides to facilitate transport across the blood-brain barrier through receptor-mediated transcytosis and delivery of drugs to targeted regions in the brain, thereby offering a more effective treatment for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Various peptides and proteins are used in drug delivery systems because they are only focused on a small class of receptors, such as low-density lipid receptors, Fc-like growth factor receptors, leptin receptors, receptor-associated proteins, insulin receptors, scavenger receptor type B1, cell surface receptors, and transferrin receptor. Polymers are crucial for drug delivery because they offer a versatile, efficient, and secure method of improving the administration and effectiveness of therapeutic agents. BBB, blood-brain barrier.

Parkinson's disease (PD) encompasses both sporadic instances and genetic mutations in the SNCA and LRRK2 genes. The utilization of Drosophila melanogaster models, in conjunction with mass spectrometry-based proteomics, has significantly progressed the investigation of PD. These methodologies facilitate the identification of prospective therapeutic targets and biomarkers.

Explores the critical role of localized reductions in brain oxygenation, challenging traditional views and enabling targeted stroke interventions. Discusses how strategies like exercise and isoflurane exposure and remote limb ischemic conditioning enhance the brain's resilience to ischemic damage.

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability, with current treatments limited to recanalization techniques and no approved pharmacological interventions for excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation. This review critically examines the five most commonly used rodent ischemic stroke models, evaluating their ability to replicate human stroke pathophysiology and phenotype, particularly in the acute phases.

Illustration of our Mendelian randomization investigation examining the potential causal link between liver function and dementia. Assumption 1: Genetic instrumental variables are strongly linked to exposures. Assumption 2: Genetic instrumental variables remain unaffected by confounders that simultaneously affect exposures and outcomes. Assumption 3: Genetic instrumental variables solely influence outcomes via their effect on exposures. AD, Alzheimer's disease; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; GGT, γ-glutamyltransferase; OR, odds ratio; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; VaD, vascular dementia.

A multicenter single-arm OPC trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of a dedicated venous sinus thrombectomy device for severe CVST. CVST, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis; EVT, endovascular treatment; OPC, objective performance criteria; VS, versus.