The EASY-STOP study. HF, heart failure.

Trial design and main results. HSS, hypertonic saline solution; IV, intravenous; uNa, urinary sodium; WHF, worsening heart failure. *Patients for whom baseline serum chloride levels were available.

Among high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes, new oral loop diuretic intensification was frequent and portended adverse prognostic significance. Treatment with canagliflozin significantly reduced the need for loop diuretic intensification. CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CV, cardiovascular; HF, heart failure; HR, hazard ratio.

Association between the plasma volume status, liver fibrosis and cardiovascular mortality. CI, confidence interval; FIB-4, fibrosis-4; HF, heart failure; HR, hazard ratio; IHD, ischaemic heart disease.

(A) Univariable receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for all biomarkers. (B) Kaplan–Meier curves for best cut-point of mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) for survival (n = 442). AUC, area under the curve; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; hsTnT, high-sensitivity troponin T; MR-proANP, mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.

Lipidome changes in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC).

Vasodilators in acute heart failure: disconnection between beneficial pathophysiological and haemodynamic effects and clinical effects in randomized clinical trials. AHF, acute heart failure; ASCEND-AHF, A Study Testing the Effectiveness of Nesiritide in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure; BLAST-AHF, Biased Ligand of the Angiotensin receptor STudy in Acute Heart Failure; ED, emergency department; ELISABETH, Effect of an Emergency Department Care Bundle on 30-Day Hospital Discharge and Survival Among Elderly Patients With Acute Heart Failure; GALACTIC, Goal-directed Afterload Reduction in Acute Congestive Cardiac Decompensation Study; IV, intravenous; LVEDP, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; RASI, renin–angiotensin system inhibitor; RELAX-AHF-2, Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Serelaxin When Added to Standard Therapy in AHF; SVR, systemic vascular resistance; TRUE-AHF, Trial of Ularitide Efficacy and Safety in Acute Heart Failure; TRV027, biased ligand of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R).

A summary of current and novel biomarkers and their potential stages of release in cardiogenic shock. The diagram illustrates the proposed release of the biomarkers during the different stages of cardiogenic shock: progression from cardiac dysfunction/stress, through to inflammation and end-organ dysfunction. It is believed that a self-propagating spiral of events follows as a result of hypoperfusion, ischaemia and inflammation, leading to end-organ dysfunction. ADM, adrenomedullin; Ang-2, angiopoietin-2; ALDOB, aldolase B; B2MG, beta-2-microglobulin; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; cDPP3, circulating dipeptidyl peptidase 3; FGF-23, fibroblast growth factor 23; Gal-3, galectin 3; GDF-15, growth differentiation factor 15; I-FABP, intestinal fatty acid binding protein; IC1, C1 inhibitor protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; KIM-1, kidney injury molecule-1; L-FABP, liver fatty acid binding protein; P-NGAL, plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; P-PENK, plasma proenkephalin; proANP, pro-atrial natriuretic peptide; sST2, soluble suppressor of tumorigenicity 2; suPAR, soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor.

Knowledge and application of European Society of Cardiology/Heart Failure Association (ESC/HFA) guidelines in the management of advanced heart failure (HF). MCS, mechanical circulatory support.

Lower extremity lymphatic flow and diuretic response in acute heart failure (AHF). IV, intravenous. (Created in BioRender)