Formation and secretion of exosomes by donor cells and uptake of exosomal contents by recipient cells. Diverse applications of tumor-derived exosomes in lung cancer management.

The current study aimed to evaluate the serum pretreatment lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and overall survival (OS) in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients who received first-line platinum-containing chemotherapy. A total of 234 SCLC patients, who received first-line platinum-based chemotherapy between 2013 and 2018, were retrospectively analyzed. Age <65 years old, ECOG score <2 points, LD-SCLC, and pretreatment LDH <215.70 U/L are the positive independent prognostic factors for SCLC patients.

The study presents nomograms incorporating independent clinical risk factors and radiomic signature to predict the prognosis of malignant esophageal fistula. This risk classification system has the potential to guide therapeutic decisions for patients with malignant esophageal fistula.

In trimodality therapy for esophageal cancer, radiation dose to any individual gastric substructure was not associated with anastomotic complications but anastomotic location (cervical vs. thoracic) is more closely associated with whether patients will experience anastomotic complications than neoadjuvant radiation treatment parameters. These data support the safety of neoadjuvant chemoradiation prior to esophagectomy for patients with esophageal cancers.

A novel AI model was developed for LDCT detection specifically. Our study showed that epidemiological characteristics should be considered in lung cancer screening, which can significantly improve the efficiency of AI model alone. We combined the CNN model score with Asian lung cancer epidemiological characteristics to develop a new Nomogram to facilitate and accurately perform individualized lung cancer screening, especially for Asians.

Invasive tumor size and pathological malignant grade overlap in invasive adenocarcinoma. Distribution of the 576 patients according to invasive tumor size and pathological malignant grading. A total of 563 patients (surrounded by red squares) were evaluated (a). Bar graph indicating the percentage of each pathological grade according to invasive tumor size (b).

Almost one fifth of the patients with pulmonary nodules (PNs) screened positive for anxiety. Patients with positive HADS anxiety screening results were more likely to adopt more aggressive PN management which meant higher rates of benign or precursor disease resected and/or more radiation absorbed. This study alerts clinicians to the need to assess and possibly treat emotional responses after PN detection.

To our best knowledge, this is the most extensive multicenter real-world study (Fig.1) on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant lung adenocarcinoma with synchronous brain metastasis (BM) and treated with first-line EGFR targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). On the basis of first-line EGFR-TKI therapy, additional upfront brain radiation therapy (RT) could improve intracranial progression free survival (PFS) (Fig.2a), particularly for patients with BM symptom and 1st-generation EGFR-TKI (Fig.4a). With no OS improvement (Fig.2d, Fig.3b, Fig.4b), upfront whole-brain irradiation could be deferred during the first-line EGFR-TKI treatment; however, upfront brain stereotactic radio-surgery (SRS) might have potential OS benefit (Fig.3d).

In malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC), which are thoracic mesenchymal malignant tumors, programed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) was positive in the vimentin-positive part or the sarcomatoid area, found to be clinicopathologically significant. In MPM, the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been shown, especially in nonepithelioid type. Our results support the possibility that ICIs will work as well as MPM if PSC is also positive for PD-L1 and has mesenchymal features such as vimentin-positive or sarcomatoid compartments.

Twenty-five studies reported the treatment response and the pooled results showed whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) plus temozolomide can significantly improve the objective response rate compared WBRT alone (relative risk = 1.43, 95% confidence interval 1.32–1.55, p < 0.05) in a fixed effect model.

This study found that ALK⁺ NSCLC cells have higher glycolysis levels than ALK⁻ NSCLC Cells. HK2 plays a crux role in the high level of glycolysis and HK2-mediated aerobic glycolysis probably governs susceptibility to crizotinib in ALK⁺ NSCLC cells. Glycolysis inhibitor 2DG sensitizes ALK⁺ NSCLC cells to crizotinib by inhibiting HK2-mediated glycolysis and P-ALK/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Because of significant statistical heterogeneity across the included 12 studies, the data was pooled in random effect model. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity 0.39 (95% CI = 0.31–0.49) and 0.92 (95% CI = 0.77–0.97), respectively under random effect model.

Likelihood ratio and post-test probability are important indexes of diagnostic tests. In our meta-analysis, both the positive and negative likelihood ratio and post-test probability were moderate. Given a pretest probability of 50%, the positive post-test probability is 77% and the negative post-test probability is 14%.

In our meta-analysis of 716 patients, endostar combined with CCRT significantly improved ORR and DCR compared with CCRT. Endostar combination treatments had similar incidences of main adverse events compared with CCRT (p > 0.05). Therefore, we concluded that endostar combined with CCRT is associated with significantly higher ORR and DCR than CCRT with similar incidences of main adverse events in NSCLC.

Synchronous microwave ablation followed by core-needle biopsy can reduce the influence of biopsy-induced pneumothorax and pulmonary hemorrhage on microwave ablation, which has a satisfactory therapeutic effect and an acceptable diagnostic positivity rate.

Circ_0016760 silencing blocks NSCLC progression in vivo. BALB/c mice were arbitrarily divided into two groups (n = 5). A total of 2.7 × 10⁶ A549 cells stably expressing Lv-sh-NC or Lv-sh-circ_0016760 were subcutaneously injected into the mice. (A) The representative images of tumors in the Lv-sh-NC group and the Lv-sh-circ_0016760 group are shown. (B) Tumor volume was recorded every 4 days as length × width² × 0.5. (C) Tumors were weighed after 28-day inoculation. (D and E) The expression of circ_0016760 and miR-646 was determined by qRT-PCR. (F) Western blot assay was implemented to measure the protein level of AKT3 in tumor tissues. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

We developed a nomogram to predict the overall survival of lung squamous cell carcinoma patients using the risk score calculated from the ferroptosis-related gene-based signature and the T stage. The nomogram showed satisfactory discrimination power, calibration, and clinical usefulness in both the TCGA and GEO cohort.

In patients with pulmonary metastasis from colorectal cancer, mediastinal lymph node dissection is not associated with overall survival and disease-free survival

Complications after anatomic lung resections following an ERAS-oriented protocol.

Osimertinib treatment after one line of chemotherapy (group A) had a better response rate and a better PFS than osimertinib treatment immediately following treatment with first/second generation EGFR-TKIs (group B). COPD tended to a poor prognostic factor for PFS and OS2 in patients with osimertinib use.

Our case was first report to determine the excellent antitumor effect of Brigatinib on ALK positive lung SqCC. PFS was more than 11 months, and the side effects were tolerable.

A patient with lumbago and left hydronephrosis was diagnosed with left ureteral metastasis of pulmonary adenocarcinoma after a CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy of the lung and retroperitoneal laparoscopic left nephroureterectomy. Although rare, our case has demonstrated that pulmonary adenocarcinoma has the possibility of metastasizing to the ureter, a risk that should be considered in some lung cancer patients.

Here, we report a case of undiagnosed HL with lung lesions despite multiple TBBs. Our literature review indicated that the diagnostic success rate of TBB was low (18.5%) in cases of lung lesions in HL. Surgical biopsy should be considered early to avoid a delay in diagnosis because the diagnostic ability of TBB for HL patients with lung lesions is limited.

Late concurrent chemoradiation therapy following systemic therapy (immunotherapy or immunochemotherapy) should be considered as an important treatment option for patients initially judged ineligible for definitive chemoradiation therapy.