Highlights

• High stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) was associated with elevated systematic inflammation in diabetic inpatients with pneumonia on admission.
• In the absence of hypoglycemia on admission, SHR was of J-shaped associations with adverse clinical outcomes in diabetic inpatients with pneumonia of different severity.
• In diabetic inpatients with pneumonia on admission, predictive value of SHR for adverse clinical outcomes was greater than that of fasting blood glucose and was further elevated when the nonlinear association was taken into consideration.

Highlights

• The association between stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) and long-term outcomes was still controversial.
• Based on a large prospective multicenter cohort, we found that high SHR levels were independently associated with increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), all-cause death, and unplanned revascularization. Associations between high SHR levels and risk of MACE and death remained positive in patients with or without diabetes.
• SHR was a potential biomarker for risk stratification after acute coronary syndromes.

Highlights

• Interactions of environmental factors and epigenome in early life, via environmentally modified epigenetic markers, affect the transcript profiles of pancreatic islets and peripheral insulin target organs, increasing the susceptibility of developing diabetes.
• Environmentally acquired diabetic phenotype and epigenetic modifications can even be inherited across generations via affecting germline epigenome, providing a new perspective on the alarming increase in diabetes incidence.
• Although there is a long way to applications for clinical practice, “developmental origins of adult diabetes” is an emerging promising perspective for diabetes prevention and intervention.

Highlights

• An upward trend was observed for age-standardized prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in Chinese adults over the 15-year period.
• Despite the elevated awareness of diabetes, the disease burden of diabetes complications increased due to the increasing prevalence and decreasing glycemic control rate in the population.
• Our findings highlight the necessary to strengthen the community healthcare system in China to guarantee extensive management of diabetes and prediabetes.

Highlights

• About a third of participants requested diabetes device prescriptions with 3 months of being invited to interact with DiabetesWise.
• Many factors predicted prior CGM use but diabetes distress was the only predictor of requesting a prescription after interacting with DiabetesWise.
• Diabetes distress decreased over time after interacting with DiabetesWise.

Highlights

• The CD4 T cells of type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients particularly having HLA-DRB1*03-DQA1*05-DQB1*02 haplotype are reactive against a particular region of the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) protein.
• GAD65 peptides encompassing 288–308 amino acid positions (peptide pool 2) may be favored by the HLA-DR3 molecule for presentation to CD4 T cells in T1D.
• Interleukin (IL)-17 producing CD4 T cells (Th17) possibly have an important role in driving inflammatory CD4 T cell response in T1D.
• Two cytokines, IFN-γ and IL-17, might have a key role in HLA-DR3 mediated CD4 T cell immune response to GAD65 protein in T1D.