Highlights

• Brain atrophy is present in dementia-free middle-aged adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
• Regional brain atrophy appears to be developing even in subgroup that shows no clinical evidence of microvascular disturbances.
• The brain seems to be particularly vulnerable to metabolic disorders prior to peripheral microvascular pathologies associated with other target organs.

Highlights

• The incidence of hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HGiP) is increasing due to escalating rates of obesity, advancing maternal age and polycystic ovary syndrome.
• Recent changes in the diagnostic criteria of HGiP have added substantially to the rates observed. Importantly, these changes identify a group previously unrecognized as being at risk of the complications of HGiP.
• Health professionals must stay abreast of the fluid changes, in terms of both diagnosis and treatment, and official guidelines to ensure best quality practice.

Highlights

• Data are limited regarding the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rural Chinese people.
• Elevated triglyceride glucose, visceral adiposity, and lipid accumulation product are significantly associated with the risk of incident T2DM.
• Triglyceride glucose, visceral adiposity, and lipid accumulation product did not improve the T2DM prediction compared with fasting plasma glucose or waist circumference.

Highlights

• This study comprehensively examined the association between plasma concentrations of the four major trans-fatty acid (TFA) isomers and diabetes.
• Taking advantage of data from two National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles, this study provides a larger range of TFA levels, which increases the ability to detect associations between TFAs and diabetes.
• Higher plasma concentrations of total TFAs, in particular elaidic acid, were associated with diabetes in US adults.
• In adults without diabetes, total TFAs, elaidic acid, palmitelaidic acid, and vaccenic acid were positively associated with biomarkers of altered glucose metabolism.

Highlights

• This study shows how the use of micronutrient patterns enables investigation of the association between diet and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), explaining the complexity of the diet.
• The results suggest a protective effect of vitamins C and B₃, magnesium, and manganese against T2DM.
• A positive association was found between the intake of vitamins B₂, B₁₂, and retinol and the risk of T2DM.

Highlights

• This is the first randomized cross-over trial using continuous glucose monitoring to compare glucose excursions and hypoglycemia frequency in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with mitiglinide/voglibose versus glimepiride as add-on to the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.
• The mean glucose levels in the mitiglinide/voglibose and glimepiride phases were identical, but fewer glucose excursions and no episodes of hypoglycemia were observed with mitiglinide/voglibose.
• Mitiglinide/voglibose as an add-on to a DPP-4 inhibitor may be a suitable therapeutic option for preventing cardiovascular events.

Highlights

• The use of an indwelling catheter may help achieve good metabolic control, reducing fear, pain, and discomfort related to insulin administration
• Using an indwelling catheter may help achieve good metabolic control and prevent long-term micro- and macrovascular complications in subjects with type 1 diabetes, maintaining adherence to multiple daily insulin treatment.
• Using an indwelling catheter may the a first step in training for insulin pump therapy.