The authors describe how the injection of autologous tolerogenic dendritic cells triggers Interferon-gamma and Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3-dependent immunoregulatory mechanisms leading to allograft tolerance in a rat model. See editorial by Zhang and Thomson on page 2003.

Treatment with a brief course of low-dose tacrolimus combined with plerixafor to mobilize host stem cells results in graft repopulation and long-term acceptance without further treatment in a rat strain combination that otherwise rejects liver grafts acutely. See editorial by Kim and Zavazava on page 2005.

Short-term inhibition of complement prevents the early antibody response induced against donor antigens and enables renal allograft accommodation and long-term engraftment in donor skin-presensitized cynomolgus monkeys. See editorial by Platt on page 2007.

This article reports the methodology to perform multiphoton intravital microscopy imaging of transplanted kidneys in mice and measures the early effects of the transplantation procedure on the graft.

This study shows the potential value of models predicting organ yield per donor as evaluation metrics and tools that can inform practices in donor management and organ utilization. See editorial by Goldfarb and Schold on page 2009.

Based on an actuarial analysis of lifetime probabilities, the authors find that Canadians are 5 to 6 times more likely to need an organ transplant than to become a deceased organ donor, and depending on age, 30–40% of those in need of a transplant will never receive one.

In a systematic review of kidney transplantation compared with dialysis, the authors find that the relative magnitude of the benefit due to transplantation appears to increase over time.

The authors identify a characteristic microRNA signature for chronic allograft dysfunction with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy that correlates with paired urine samples from kidney transplant recipients.

Ultrastructural changes of glomerular endothelial injury are frequently seen in early renal allograft biopsies showing C4d-positive or C4d-negative antibody-mediated rejection, and treatment in this setting significantly reduces subsequent progression to overt transplant glomerulopathy.

When stratifying kidney transplant recipients by sensitization history and day of transplant serum analysis, univariate and multivariate analysis reveals donor-specific sensitization to be the most important risk factor for rejection.

Autoantibodies specific for the phospholipase A₂ receptor are present in 5 of 10 patients with recurrent membranous nephropathy, in none of 9 patients with de novo membranous nephropathy, and in 3 of 6 patients who have not recurred, which questions their predictive value.

Subclinical inflammation, as diagnosed by protocol biopsy at 1 year, in renal transplant patients switched from cyclosporin A to sirolimus at month 3, is significantly more frequent in the sirolimus arm and associated with subsequent lower renal function.

Bona fide Tregs in clinically stable acute cellular infiltrates in renal transplant recipients maintain Foxp3 demethylation at the TSDR level, and are associated with a favorable graft outcome.

The living donor kidney adapts to body dimensions of the recipient, irrespective of gender.

The authors perform a restrospective analysis of 227 cytomegalovirus donor seropositive, recipient seronegative liver transplant recipients, and find an increased risk of death and graft loss associated with subsequent cytomegalovirus infection and disease within the first year after transplant.

Examining a cohort of lung transplant recipients receiving short-course cytomegalovirus prophylaxis, the authors find that 41% of recipients develop evidence of cytomegalovirus replication in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and that this is associated with an increased risk of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome.

The authors show that poorer posttransplant survival in lung transplant recipients who are mechanically ventilated at the time of organ matching is limited to the early posttransplant period and to certain listing diagnoses.