After oral administration to rats, compared with amorphous cyclosporine A (CsA) powder, CsA-loaded mucopenetrating nanoparticles increased bioavailability by 43-fold and shortened the time to maximum plasma concentration (T_max), while CsA-loaded mucoadhesive nanoparticles prolonged T_max.

Evaluation of gender impact for dextromethorphan modified release tablets using PBPK modeling to support BE study waiver in generic drug submission.

Bumetanide was determined in 14 brain regions following i.v. administration of 10 mg/kg in rats after inhibition of its metabolism by piperonyl butoxide. Significant, up to 5-fold differences in regional bumetanide levels were determined with the highest levels in the midbrain and olfactory bulb and the lowest levels in the striatum and amygdala.

This study provides supporting information for understanding the drug–drug interaction (DDI) potential of the flavonoid icaritin and other UGT-metabolized drugs in clinical. In addition, the findings provide safety evidence on DDI when patients with liver cancer receive a combination therapy including icaritin.