• Issue

    Glia: Volume 67, Issue 4

    567-774
    April 2019
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ISSUE INFORMATION - TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Issue Information - Table of Contents

  • Pages: 567-569
  • First Published: 21 February 2019

REVIEW ARTICLE

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The conceptual introduction of the “demyelinating Schwann cell” in peripheral demyelinating neuropathies

Hwan Tae Park,  Jong Kuk Kim,  Nicolas Tricaud, 
  • Pages: 571-581
  • First Published: 30 October 2018
The conceptual introduction of the “demyelinating Schwann cell” in peripheral demyelinating neuropathies
Main Points

  • Schwann cells exhibit self-myelinolytic activity in various peripheral demyelinating neuropathies.
  • Conceptual introduction of “demyelinating Schwann cell” as a novel SC phenotype peripheral nerve demyelination.

RESEARCH ARTICLES

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Helper CD4 T cells expressing granzyme B cause glial fibrillary acidic protein fragmentation in astrocytes in an MHCII-independent manner

Brandon Stopnicki,  Manon Blain,  Qiao-Ling Cui,  Timothy E. Kennedy,  Jack P. Antel,  Luke M. Healy,  Peter J. Darlington, 
  • Pages: 582-593
  • First Published: 16 November 2018
Helper CD4 T cells expressing granzyme B cause glial fibrillary acidic protein fragmentation in astrocytes in an MHCII-independent manner
Main Points

  • Helper T cells released granzyme B upon contact with cultured human astrocytes in an MHCII-independent manner.
  • Helper T cells caused GFAP fragmentation in a granzyme B and caspase-dependent manner.
  • Sub-lethally injured astrocytes were not apoptotic but had a reduced ability to migrate and to support oligodendrocytes.

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Unique role for dentate gyrus microglia in neuroblast survival and in VEGF-induced activation

Tirzah Kreisel,  Brachi Wolf,  Eli Keshet,  Tamar Licht, 
  • Pages: 594-618
  • First Published: 19 November 2018
Unique role for dentate gyrus microglia in neuroblast survival and in VEGF-induced activation
Main Points

  • Dentate gyrus microglia are a unique subpopulation which support neuroblasts survival.
  • Dentate gyrus microglia are characterized by a unique set of genes and by being selectively reactive in response to the angiogenic and neurogenic factor VEGF.

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Stroke target identification guided by astrocyte transcriptome analysis

Cordula Rakers,  Melvin Schleif,  Nelli Blank,  Hana Matušková,  Thomas Ulas,  Kristian Händler,  Santiago Valle Torres,  Toni Schumacher,  Khalid Tai,  Joachim L. Schultze,  Walker S. Jackson,  Gabor C. Petzold, 
  • Pages: 619-633
  • First Published: 26 December 2018
Stroke target identification guided by astrocyte transcriptome analysis
Main Points

  • RNA-sequencing of astrocytic translating mRNAs, purified using the RiboTag technique, reveals astroglial pathways in a stroke model.
  • Astrocytic knockout of the differentially regulated transcription factor Stat3 proves beneficial after ischemia.

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Maintenance of high proteolipid protein level in adult central nervous system myelin is required to preserve the integrity of myelin and axons

Katja A. Lüders,  Stefan Nessler,  Kathrin Kusch,  Julia Patzig,  Ramona B. Jung,  Wiebke Möbius,  Klaus-Armin Nave,  Hauke B. Werner, 
  • Pages: 634-649
  • First Published: 14 January 2019
Maintenance of high proteolipid protein level in adult central nervous system myelin is required to preserve the integrity of myelin and axons
Main Points

  • The SPG2 disease gene Plp is deleted in adult mice.
  • Abundance of PLP in CNS myelin is halved 6 months later, reflecting its slow turnover. This suffices to impair myelin and axon integrity.
  • High PLP-content of myelin is subject to selective pressure.

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A novel myelin protein zero transgenic zebrafish designed for rapid readout of in vivo myelination

Marnie A. Preston,  Lisbet T. Finseth,  Jennifer N. Bourne,  Wendy B. Macklin, 
  • Pages: 650-667
  • First Published: 09 January 2019
A novel myelin protein zero transgenic zebrafish designed for rapid readout of in vivo myelination
Main Points

  • Remyelination therapeutics need to be tested in vivo for efficacy.
  • Fluorescent zebrafish can be used to follow myelin membrane production in live larvae.
  • Drug screening in whole larvae predicts drug efficacy.

Open Access

Low sulfated heparins target multiple proteins for central nervous system repair

George A. McCanney,  Michael A. McGrath,  Thomas D. Otto,  Richard Burchmore,  Edwin A. Yates,  Charles D. Bavington,  Hugh J. Willison,  Jeremy E. Turnbull,  Susan C. Barnett, 
  • Pages: 668-687
  • First Published: 26 December 2018
Low sulfated heparins target multiple proteins for central nervous system repair
Main Points

  • Heparin binding-factors are secreted after CNS injury that affect repair.
  • Low sulphated modified heparin mimetics exert beneficial effects on CNS repair.
  • Using TMT/LC–MS we identified amyloid betaA4 as a secreted demyelination factor.

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Cognitive deficits in mice lacking Nsun5, a cytosine-5 RNA methyltransferase, with impairment of oligodendrocyte precursor cells

Tingting Zhang,  Peipei Chen,  Wei Li,  Sha Sha,  Ya Wang,  Zihao Yuan,  Bin Shen,  Ling Chen, 
  • Pages: 688-702
  • First Published: 28 November 2018
Cognitive deficits in mice lacking Nsun5, a cytosine-5 RNA methyltransferase, with impairment of oligodendrocyte precursor cells
Main Points

  • Nsun5, a cytosine-5 RNA methyltransferase, is expressed in NG2-positive oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs).
  • Nsun5 knockout in mice causes deficits in spatial cognition and hippocampal LTP with impairment of OPCs and dysfunction of NMDA receptor.

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Release of astroglial vimentin by extracellular vesicles: Modulation of binding and internalization of C3 transferase in astrocytes and neurons

Andrej Adolf,  Astrid Rohrbeck,  Agnieszka Münster-Wandowski,  Malin Johansson,  Hans-Georg Kuhn,  Marcel Alexander Kopp,  Benedikt Brommer,  Jan Markus Schwab,  Ingo Just,  Gudrun Ahnert-Hilger,  Markus Höltje, 
  • Pages: 703-717
  • First Published: 28 November 2018
Release of astroglial vimentin by extracellular vesicles: Modulation of binding and internalization of C3 transferase in astrocytes and neurons
Main Points

  • Vimentin and integrins are involved in binding and uptake of C3bot in astrocytes.
  • Vimentin is exosomally released by astrocytes and enhances interaction of C3bot with neuronal membranes.

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Differential roles of epigenetic regulators in the survival and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells

Naohiro Egawa,  Akihiro Shindo,  Rie Hikawa,  Hisanori Kinoshita,  Anna C. Liang,  Kanako Itoh,  Josephine Lok,  Takakuni Maki,  Ryosuke Takahashi,  Eng H. Lo,  Ken Arai, 
  • Pages: 718-728
  • First Published: 28 November 2018
Differential roles of epigenetic regulators in the survival and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells
Main Points

  • Epigenetic regulators play important roles in OPC function.
  • HDAC1 and HDAC2 have opposite effects in OPC differentiation.
  • DNMT1 and DNMT3a contribute to cell survival of oligodendrocyte lineage cells.

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Transcription factor MafB contributes to the activation of spinal microglia underlying neuropathic pain development

Hidetoshi Tozaki-Saitoh,  Junya Masuda,  Ryu Kawada,  Chinami Kojima,  Sosuke Yoneda,  Takahiro Masuda,  Kazuhide Inoue,  Makoto Tsuda, 
  • Pages: 729-740
  • First Published: 28 November 2018
Transcription factor MafB contributes to the activation of spinal microglia underlying neuropathic pain development
Main Points

  • Activated spinal microglia upregulates MafB protein which is essential for the development of neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury.
  • Intrathecal administration of mir-152 mimic or siRNA for MafB can suppress the development neuropathic pain.

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Astrocyte-targeted IL-10 production decreases proliferation and induces a downregulation of activated microglia/macrophages after PPT

Mireia Recasens,  Kalpana Shrivastava,  Beatriz Almolda,  Berta González,  Bernardo Castellano, 
  • Pages: 741-758
  • First Published: 11 December 2018
Astrocyte-targeted IL-10 production decreases proliferation and induces a downregulation of activated microglia/macrophages after PPT
Main Points

  • Astrocyte-targeted IL-10 increases microglia/macrophage density but induced a down-regulated activated phenotype after PPT.
  • All these modifications must be an indirect effect derived from the influence of IL-10 over astrocytes and neurons.

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Extracellular ATP and glutamate drive pyruvate production and energy demand to regulate mitochondrial respiration in astrocytes

Inés Juaristi,  Irene Llorente-Folch,  Jorgina Satrústegui,  Araceli del Arco, 
  • Pages: 759-774
  • First Published: 09 January 2019
Extracellular ATP and glutamate drive pyruvate production and energy demand to regulate mitochondrial respiration in astrocytes
Main Points

  • Astrocytes upregulate glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in response to ATP demand.
  • ATP-stimulated respiration and pyruvate formation is Ca2+-dependent, but the response to glutamate is Ca2+-independent.