Evodiamine (EAE) could inhibit inflammation in chondrocytes induced by IL-1β and prevent M1 polarization by reducing phosphorylation of IKBα and Ca²⁺ influx. EAE suppressed cartilage matrix degradation in vitro and in vivo, facilitating OA development.

Apoliprotein E4 (ApoE4) promotes the aggregation of amyloid plaques in neurons, one of the key elements of Alzheimer's disease. This aggregation can be inhibited by ApoE4 mimetic peptides, ApoE4 structure-correcting molecules and monoclonal antibodies, as well as by loop diuretics, some antidepressants and some peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands.