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Osimertinib-related ADRs in each system of advanced NSCLC patients.

We selected 60 patients who underwent full video-assisted thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery in our thoracic surgery. The control group adopted conventional respiratory function training methods, and the experimental group used Acapella training equipment for respiratory function training. By observing the respiratory function of the two groups of patients before and 30 days after the operation, and the postoperative hospital stay, we concluded that the Acapelle training device can improve the patient's respiratory function, shorten the postoperative hospital stay, and reduce medical expenses.

Carbon ion radiotherapy is a form of high-linear energy transfer radiation therapy that may have several theoretical advantages over traditional low-linear energy transfer therapies in the treatment of both early-stage and locally advanced non-small cell cancer. These potential advantages include the ability to achieve high intratumoral radiation doses while sparing adjacent critical structures of the mediastinum, delivering adequate radiation doses in fewer fractions, limiting/eliminating the use of concurrent cytotoxic chemotherapy, and increasing the response to immunotherapy, thereby reducing eventual metastatic spread.

Radiomics is a rapidly evolving field of research that extracts and analyzes quantitative features within medical images. Those features are termed as radiomic features that can characterize a tumor in a comprehensive and quantitative manner with regard to its internal structure and heterogeneity. Radiomic features can be used, alone or in combination with demographic, histological, genomic, or proteomic data, for predicting prognosis or treatment response. Immunotherapy, or immune-oncology, is the study of cancer treatment by taking advantage of the body's immune system to prevent, control, and eliminate cancer. In this review, we first provide a brief introduction to both radiomics and immune-oncology in lung cancer. Then, we discuss the need in developing immune-oncology biomarkers, and the advantages of radiomics in identifying biomarkers related to immunotherapy. We also discuss potential areas in and out of tumors, such as intra-tumoral hypoxic region and tumor microenvironment, where radiomic markers might be extracted, as well as potential application of radiomic biomarkers in clinical lung cancer management. Finally, we present radiation and immune modulation in non-small cell lung cancer, clinical trials, and their design to incorporate radiomic biomarkers, and radiomics-guided precision radiation therapy.

This prospective cohort study of 1743 asbestos exposed individuals demonstrates that the population is at high risk for lung cancer regardless of smoking status, low dose CT screening is effective at identifying early-stage lung cancer in this population and existing lung cancer risk criteria do not capture this population adequately.

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Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) following tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) is a rare but serious life-threatening complication that clinicians need to be aware of when treating patients with advanced small cell lung cancer (SCLC). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of DIC following TLS in a case of SCLC.

The combined use of robotic-assisted bronchoscopy with needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy may potentially enhance the differentiation of malignant cells in real-time and increase sample adequacy, accuracy, and diagnostic yield when doing a biopsy of a suspicious pulmonary lesion.

The clinical application process of CAR-T cell immunotherapy. The clinical process of CAR T is as listed: T lymphocyte collection; CAR T-cell manufacturing; CAR T-cell amplification and screening in vitro; CAR-T cells are infused back into patients; CAR-T cells are transported to the tumor site and perform their function in the tumor microenvironment.

The benefit of the first-line ICI was similar in advanced NSCLC regardless of the drivers, except for MET drivers. The median PFS according to the driver subgroup was 16.2 months (95% CI: 6.3–NR) for KRAS alterations, 2.8 months (95% CI: 2.7–NR) for MET alterations, 11.7 months (95% CI: 5.9–NR) for other alterations (FGFR, RET, BRAF, and HER2), 10.0 months (95% CI: 3.7–14.3) for driver-negative.

In recent years, immunotherapy has gradually moved from the back line to the front line, from advanced to early patients. This article focuses on the latest developments in perioperative and advanced lung cancer immunotherapy, discusses the problems and challenges at the current stage, and explores new directions for future development.

At present, immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), either by monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy, has shown benefit in promoting pathological responses and prolonging survival for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without oncogenic mutations. Investigation on predictive biomarkers of responses to adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies is also continuously ongoing. This review focuses on the existing data of current clinical trials of adjuvant and neoadjuvant strategies with ICIs in resectable NSCLC, the exploration of predictive biomarkers, and the perspectives and urgent challenges in the future.