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This review summarizes the hallmarks of ferroptosis, discusses how ferroptosis can be modulated by multiple extrinsic or intrinsic stresses, and highlights the interconnection between ferroptosis and cancer therapy response. A better understanding of the complex regulatory networks of ferroptosis and its interplay with current therapies could ultimately help to develop novel therapeutic approaches against cancer

Recent technological advances of next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics have made it possible to discover more abundant and specific neoantigens encoded by tumor-specific somatic mutations. Precise cancer medicine of therapeutic vaccines designed from personalized neoantigens have been proven effective and safe in patients with melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and head and neck squamous carcinoma, and so forth. Discoveries of the phenotypes, functionality, and long-lasting memory potential of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes trigger deeper evaluation of cancer vaccine study and vaccine-induced neoantigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell adoptive transfer therapy, which is warranted to improve immunotherapeutic activity and optimize vaccination strategies.