Evaluation of the spatial distribution and dynamic succession of microbial community and quality properties during fermentation in Chinese medium-temperature Daqu
Li Ding
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Contribution: Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing - original draft
Search for more papers by this authorMeng-Meng Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Contribution: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorXiao-Fang Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Contribution: Data curation, Investigation, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorGuo-Yue Chen
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Contribution: Conceptualization, Software
Search for more papers by this authorQian-Tao Jiang
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Contribution: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Software
Search for more papers by this authorMiao Liu
National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou, China
Contribution: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Resources
Search for more papers by this authorYan-fei Xiong
National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou, China
Contribution: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Resources
Search for more papers by this authorXiu Zhang
National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou, China
Contribution: Investigation, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorXiao-Jun Wang
National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou, China
Contribution: Investigation, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorYu-Ming Wei
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Contribution: Conceptualization, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorYou-Liang Zheng
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Contribution: Conceptualization, Resources, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Wei Li
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Correspondence
Wei Li, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
Email: [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorLi Ding
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Contribution: Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing - original draft
Search for more papers by this authorMeng-Meng Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Contribution: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorXiao-Fang Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Contribution: Data curation, Investigation, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorGuo-Yue Chen
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Contribution: Conceptualization, Software
Search for more papers by this authorQian-Tao Jiang
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Contribution: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Software
Search for more papers by this authorMiao Liu
National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou, China
Contribution: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Resources
Search for more papers by this authorYan-fei Xiong
National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou, China
Contribution: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Resources
Search for more papers by this authorXiu Zhang
National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou, China
Contribution: Investigation, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorXiao-Jun Wang
National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou, China
Contribution: Investigation, Methodology
Search for more papers by this authorYu-Ming Wei
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Contribution: Conceptualization, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorYou-Liang Zheng
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Contribution: Conceptualization, Resources, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Wei Li
State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
Correspondence
Wei Li, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
Email: [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorLi Ding and Meng-Meng Zhao contributed equally to this paper.
Abstract
The spatial characterization of qualities and microbial community of Chinese Baijiu Daqu during solid-state fermentation remains unclear. The physicochemical indexes and microbial of the core (CDB) and the surface (SDB) of medium-temperature Daqu (MT-Daqu) at eight fermenting stages were investigated. The results indicated the difference in physicochemical indices, enzymatic activities, and starch granule fracture between the CDB and SDB. The dominant bacteria were Lactobacillus, Weissella, Pediococcus, and Methylobacterium in the SDB, as Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Thermoactinomyces, and Undibacterium in the CDB. The dominant fungi were Dipodascus, Wickerhamomyces, Hyphopichia, and Saccharomyces in the SDB, like Aspergillus, Thermoacscus, Theromyces, and Candida in the CDB. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that different factors strongly affected the bacteria and fungi in the SDB and CDB, respectively. The temperature, moisture, and starch content were the critical factors for the microbial composition of Daqu. This study provides further valuable information for knowing the fermentation mechanism of MT-Daqu.
Novelty impact statement
- This study provided information on the spatial characterization of qualities and microbial community of Chinese Baijiu Daqu during solid-state fermentation of medium-temperature Daqu (MT-Daqu).
- This study revealed the difference between the surface brick samples (SDB) and the core brick samples (CDB) in the fermentation process of Daqu, which increased the diversity of fermentation.
- The temperature, moisture, and starch content were the critical factors in influencing the difference between Daqu microorganisms of the core (CDB) and the surface (SDB) of medium-temperature Daqu (MT-Daqu).
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
The authors declare there are no conflicts of interest.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Raw sequences generated by Illumina MiSeq sequencing in the present study have been deposited to NCBI with Bio Project accession numbers PRJNA635205, PRJNA635230, PRJNA634878, PRJNA634992, respectively.
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