Table of Contents

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Front Matter (Pages: i-xvii)
Section I : General Principles
CHAPTER 1
Systematics of the Genus Cryptococcus and Its Type Species C. neoformans (Pages: 1-15)
Kyung J. Kwon-Chung,  Teun Boekhout,  Brian L. Wickes,  Jack W. Fell, 
CHAPTER 2
The History of Cryptococcus and Cryptococcosis (Pages: 17-26)
John R. Perfect,  Arturo Casadevall, 
CHAPTER 3
Biosynthesis and Genetics of the Cryptococcus Capsule (Pages: 27-41)
Guilhem Janbon,  Tamara L. Doering, 
CHAPTER 4
The Architecture and Antigenic Composition of the Polysaccharide Capsule (Pages: 43-54)
Marcio L. Rodrigues,  Arturo Casadevall,  Oscar Zaragoza, 
CHAPTER 5
Melanin: Structure, Function, and Biosynthesis in Cryptococcus (Pages: 55-66)
David Trofa,  Arturo Casadevall,  Joshua D. Nosanchuk, 
CHAPTER 6
The Cell Wall of Cryptococcus (Pages: 67-79)
Nicole M. Gilbert,  Jennifer K. Lodge,  Charles A. Specht, 
CHAPTER 7
Sexual Reproduction of Cryptococcus (Pages: 81-96)
Yen-Ping Hsueh,  Xiaorong Lin,  Kyung J. Kwon-Chung,  Joseph Heitman, 
CHAPTER 8
Population Structure and Ecology of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii (Pages: 97-111)
Anastasia P. Litvintseva,  Jianping Xu,  Thomas G. Mitchell, 
Section II : Genetics and Genomics
CHAPTER 9
The Cryptococcus Genomes: Tools for Comparative Genomics and Expression Analysis (Pages: 113-126)
James W. Kronstad,  Brendan J. Loftus,  Jennifer K. Lodge, 
CHAPTER 10
Genetic and Genomic Approaches to Cryptococcus Environmental and Host Responses (Pages: 127-137)
Alexander Idnurm,  Peter R. Williamson, 
CHAPTER 11
The Mating-Type Locus of Cryptococcus: Evolution of Gene Clusters Governing Sex Determination and Sexual Reproduction from the Phylogenomic Perspective (Pages: 139-149)
Yen-Ping Hsueh,  Banu Metin,  Keisha Findley,  Marianela Rodriguez-Carres,  Joseph Heitman, 
Section III : Signaling and Virulence
CHAPTER 12
G-Protein Signaling Pathways: Regulating Morphogenesis and Virulence of Cryptococcus (Pages: 151-165)
J. Andrew Alspaugh,  Connie B. Nichols,  Chaoyang Xue,  Wei-Chiang Shen,  Ping Wang, 
CHAPTER 13
A Role for Mating in Cryptococcal Virulence (Pages: 167-174)
Kirsten Nielsen,  Kyung J. Kwon-Chung, 
CHAPTER 14
Sensing Extracellular Signals in Cryptococcus neoformans (Pages: 175-187)
Alexander Idnurm,  Yong-Sun Bahn,  Wei-Chiang Shen,  Julian C. Rutherford,  Fritz A. Mühlschlegel, 
CHAPTER 15
Virulence Mechanisms of Cryptococcus gattii: Convergence and Divergence (Pages: 189-201)
Sudha Chaturvedi,  Vishnu Chaturvedi, 
CHAPTER 16
Drug Resistance in Cryptococcus: Epidemiology and Molecular Mechanisms (Pages: 203-216)
M. A. Pfaller,  J. K. Lodge,  M. A. Ghannoum, 
CHAPTER 17
Signaling Cascades and Enzymes as Cryptococcus Virulence Factors (Pages: 217-234)
Deborah S. Fox,  Julianne Djordjevic,  Tania C. Sorrell, 
Section IV : Environmental Interactions and Population Genetics
CHAPTER 18
Environmental Niches for Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii (Pages: 235-259)
Thomas G. Mitchell,  Elizabeth Castañeda,  Kirsten Nielsen,  Bodo Wanke,  Marcia S. Lazéra, 
CHAPTER 19
Cryptococcus neoformans: Nonvertebrate Hosts and the Emergence of Virulence (Pages: 261-267)
Jeffrey J. Coleman,  Cara J. Chrisman,  Arturo Casadevall,  Eleftherios Mylonakis, 
CHAPTER 20
Cryptococcosis in Africa (Pages: 269-285)
Nelesh P. Govender,  Thomas G. Mitchell,  Anastasia P. Litvintseva,  Kathleen J. Miglia, 
CHAPTER 21
Cryptococcosis in Asia (Pages: 287-297)
Jiangping Xu,  Weerawat Manosuthi,  Uma Banerjee,  Li-Ping Zhu,  Janghan Chen,  Shigeru Kohno,  Koichi Izumikawa,  Yuchong Chen,  Somnuek Sungkanuparph,  Thomas S. Harrison,  Matthew Fisher, 
CHAPTER 22
Sexual Reproduction of Cryptococcus gattii: a Population Genetics Perspective (Pages: 299-311)
Dee Carter,  Leona Campbell,  Nathan Saul,  Mark Krockenberger, 
CHAPTER 23
The Emergence of Cryptococcus gattii Infections on Vancouver Island and Expansion in the Pacific Northwest (Pages: 313-325)
Karen Bartlett,  Edmond Byrnes,  Colleen Duncan,  Murray Fyfe,  Eleni Galanis,  Joseph Heitman,  Linda Hoang,  Sarah Kidd,  Laura Macdougall,  Sunny Mak,  Kieren Marr,  Muhammad Morshed,  Sarah West,  James Kronstad, 
CHAPTER 24
Molecular Typing of the Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii Species Complex (Pages: 327-357)
Wieland Meyer,  Felix Gilgado,  Popchai Ngamskulrungroj,  Luciana Trilles,  Ferry Hagen,  Elizabeth Castañeda,  Teun Boekhout, 
CHAPTER 25
Hybridization and Its Importance in the Cryptococcus Species Complex (Pages: 359-370)
Massimo Cogliati,  Xiaorong Lin,  Maria Anna Viviani, 
Section V : Interactions with the Immune System
CHAPTER 26
The Interaction of Cryptococcus neoformans with Host MacroPhages and Neutrophils (Pages: 371-385)
Travis McQuiston,  Maurizio Del Poeta, 
CHAPTER 27
T Cell and Dendritic Cell Immune Responses to Cryptococcus (Pages: 387-396)
Karen L. Wozniak,  Stuart M. Levitz, 
CHAPTER 28
Acquired Humoral Immunity to Cryptococcus neoformans (Pages: 397-408)
Liise-Anne Pirofski,  Arturo Casadevall, 
CHAPTER 29
Interactions of Capsule with Antibody and Complement (Pages: 409-415)
Thomas R. Kozel, 
CHAPTER 30
Cryptococcus Interactions with Innate Cytotoxic Lymphocytes (Pages: 417-427)
Shaunna M. Huston,  Christopher H. Mody, 
Section VI : Pathogenesis of Cryptococcosis
CHAPTER 31
Cryptococcus neoformans: Latency and Disease (Pages: 429-439)
Françoise Dromer,  Arturo Casadevall,  John Perfect,  Tania Sorrell, 
CHAPTER 32
Intracellular Replication and Exit Strategies (Pages: 441-450)
Kerstin Voelz,  Simon A. Johnston,  Robin C. May, 
CHAPTER 33
Pulmonary Innate and Adaptive Defenses against Cryptococcus (Pages: 451-464)
Kristi L. Williams,  Floyd L. Wormley Jr.,  Scarlett Geunes-Boyer,  Jo Rae Wright,  Gary B. Huffnagle, 
CHAPTER 34
Invasion of Cryptococcus into the Central Nervous System (Pages: 465-471)
Françoise Dromer,  Stuart M. Levitz, 
CHAPTER 35
Cryptococcosis in Experimental Animals: Lessons Learned (Pages: 473-488)
Karl V. Clemons,  David A. Stevens, 
CHAPTER 36
Veterinary Insights into Cryptococcosis Caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii (Pages: 489-504)
Richard Malik,  Mark B. Krockenberger,  Carolyn R. O'Brien,  Dee A. Carter,  Wieland Meyer,  Paul J. Canfield, 
Section VII : Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Clinical Perspectives
CHAPTER 37
Cryptococcosis in Transplant Recipients (Pages: 505-514)
Nina Singh,  Barbara D. Alexander, 
CHAPTER 38
Cryptococcosis in AIDS (Pages: 515-525)
Bettina C. Fries,  Gary M. Cox, 
CHAPTER 39
Antifungal Trials: Progress, Approaches, New Targets, and Perspectives in Cryptococcosis (Pages: 527-536)
Peter G. Pappas, 
CHAPTER 40
Vaccines and Antibody Therapies from Cryptococcus neoformans to Melanoma (Pages: 537-546)
Arturo Casadevall,  Ekaterina Dadachova,  Liise-Anne Pirofski, 
CHAPTER 41
Diagnostic Approach Based on Capsular Antigen, Capsule Detection, β-Glucan, and DNA Analysis (Pages: 547-564)
Mara R. Diaz,  M. Hong Nguyen, 
CHAPTER 42
Management of Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis in Both Developed and Developing Countries (Pages: 565-584)
Joseph N. Jarvis,  Tihana Bicanic,  Thomas S. Harrison, 
CHAPTER 43
Public Health Importance of Cryptococcal Disease: Epidemiology, Burden, and Control (Pages: 585-593)
Benjamin J. Park,  Shawn R. Lockhart,  Mary E. Brandt,  Tom M. Chiller, 
CHAPTER 44
Clinical Perspectives on Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii: Implications for Diagnosis and Management (Pages: 595-606)
Tania C. Sorrell,  Sharon C.-A. Chen,  Peter Phillips,  Kieren A. Marr, 
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Index (Pages: 607-620)
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Color Plates (Pages: P1-P7)