Nanomaterial-based biosensors offer potential for rapid point-of-care testing or even real-time monitoring performed by the patient themselves to detect viral diseases. Through measuring diverse analyte levels, the results can be transmitted wirelessly into a smartphone app. This review introduces the latest works on nanomaterial-based biosensors for detecting SARS-CoV-2, the root cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, by summarizing the related mechanisms and characteristics.

This review shows that CO₂ gas or biomass-derived carbons could be utilized as raw precursors for the preparation of graphitic carbons via a molten salt electrochemical route. In this review, we discuss the factors that affect the molten salt electrochemical graphitization, the costs of the processes, and the challenges that need to be tackled. The molten salt approach has shown great promise in large-scale synthesis of high-quality graphite materials in future.

Nanomaterials can assist targeted bacterial depletion in either a passive or active way to enhance inhibitory activity and reduce side effects by increasing local concentration of antibacterial agents. In this review article, we summarize the recent development in the field, which will promote more innovative thinking particularly focusing on the treatment of multidrug resistant bacteria.

Graphene is a key material for a new generation of electronic devices with unique electrical properties. In this review, current advances in the preparation, tailoring, and modification of graphene to obtain high-quality graphene with precisely controlled patterning and specific functional groups are summarized.

This review shows that CO₂ gas or biomass-derived carbons could be utilized as raw precursors for the preparation of graphitic carbons via a molten salt electrochemical route. In this review, we discuss the factors that affect the graphitization, the costs of the processes, and the challenges that need to be tackled. The molten salt approach has shown great promise in large-scale synthesis of high-quality graphite materials in future.

Bimetallic alloy Au–Ag surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) biosensors exhibit ultrahigh SERS sensitivity. Au–Ag SERS-based biosensors have been utilized in biological components detection, including; proteins, antigens antibodies complex, circulating tumor cells, DNA, and RNA (miRNA), etc.

Interdisciplinary advances in nanomaterials and biotechnology, such as nanomaterials-based biosensors, have opened new avenues for rapid and ultrasensitive detection of pathogens in the field of healthcare. Many updated nanomaterials-based biosensors, namely electrochemical, field-effect transistor, plasmonic, and colorimetric biosensors, employ nucleic acid and antigen–antibody interactions for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection in a highly efficient, reliable, sensitive, and rapid manner. This systematic review summarizes the mechanisms and characteristics of nanomaterials-based biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Moreover, continuing challenges and emerging trends in biosensor development are also discussed.

In this review, we have summarized the state-of-the-art microneedles for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, from their classifications and rational design, to the representative applications involving maintenance and rehabilitation of damaged tissues and organs, and the in-depth insight into their current challenges and future directions.

Mphagocyticononuclear system (MPS) is one of the major obstacles that impede the accumulation of nanomaterials at their target sites. This Review summarizes the advanced strategies for evading the MPS clearance of nanomaterials, and discusses the challenges and opportunities in this field.

To address the challenge of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, nanomaterials-mediated targeted bacteria depletion in either a passive or active manner has emerged as one of the most promising approaches for antibacterial treatment. In this review, we summarize the recent development in the field of targeted antibacterial therapy based on nanomaterials, which show advantages in increasing local concentration around bacterial cells to enhance inhibitory activity and reduce side effects. This work would promote more innovative thinking focusing on the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a reperfusion injury factor that can lead to cell damage and death. Ultrasmall Fe-GA CPNs were synthesized to exert a protective role in ischemic brain neurons via removal of ROS, rescuing of glucose metabolism, and suppressing apoptosis through the upregulation of protein kinase B (Akt), antioxidant nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) pathway.