Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a progressive and devastating disease with an unclear etiology. During the last decades, great progress has been made in ingenious bone tissue engineering for ONFH treatment. In this contribution, we present a comprehensive Review to summarize the state-of-the-art progress made in bone tissue engineering for treating ONFH.

Mitochondria are essential for life. For maintaining the sites of cellular respiration, mitochondria experience production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) underlying oxidative damage in electron transport chain carriers. Precision medicine to target mitochondria can change nutrient availability and redox homeostasis in cancer cells, which might represent a promising strategy for suppressing tumor growth.

Identifying the degree of heterogeneity of individual tumors and tumor progression is vital to tumor therapy. NIR-II imaging with high spatiotemporal resolution, low photon scattering and background fluorescence interference exhibit exciting promise for non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of tumors. Thus, the NIR-II fluorophores have been being developed for understanding the heterogeneity and monitoring the progression of tumors and show great potential for clinical translation.

Microrobot assembled by magnetic nanoparticles was developed as a novel mechanical signal generator for precise macrophage polarization. Theoretical and experimental demonstrations not only revealed the magneto-driven principles of microrobots, but also probed their ability for successful macrophage polarization via fixed-point rotational motion, opening a new avenue for mechanical regulation of cell fate.

Various structures are adopted in tandem solar cells (TSCs) to overcome the efficiency limit of the single junction solar cell. Fair and accurate evaluation of the various TSCs requires understanding the effectiveness and limitations of their characterization methods. Various types of TSCs are summarized. And characterization methods of TSCs are discussed.

The revolving DNA motors of ATPase have been found in viruses (phi29, T7, herpesvirus, and mimivirus) and bacteria (E. coli and Streptomyces). The motors made of asymmetrical 6 subunits translocate lengthy double-stranded (ds)DNA. The dsDNA is moved in a circular motion around the inner surface of the motor channel subunits. The translocation involves conformational changes and electrostatic interactions between the motor subunits and DNA.

Hydrovoltaic energy technology that generates electricity directly from the interaction of materials with water has been regarded as a promising renewable energy harvesting method. This review summarizes the most recent advances of 2D materials for hydrovoltaic electricity generation, including carbon nanosheets, layered double hydroxide, and layered transition metal oxides and sulfides. Perspectives toward the future applications of 2D materials in hydrovoltaic electricity generation are also outlined.

Great progress has been made in ingenious bone tissue engineering for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) treatment in the last decades. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the state-of-the-art progress made in bone tissue engineering for ONFH treatment. We also propose insights on the current challenges of these advances in the clinic and the future development of bone tissue engineering for ONFH treatment.

The applications of NIR-II Fluorophores in tracking the heterogeneity and progression of tumors. The advances in imaging the tumor heterogeneity, progression, and therapy are systematically summarized. As a non-invasive visualized inspection modality, NIR-II imaging further enables a deeper understanding of tumor pathophysiology and is envisioned for potential clinical translation.

Functional subcellular organelle mitochondria are emerging as a crucial player and driver of cancer. Precision medicine targeting mitochondria can change nutrient availability and redox homeostasis in cancer cells. This review highlights how the modification capable of manipulating nanomaterials for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation strategies can influence the rate of mitochondrial ROS production and their implementations in cancer therapy.

The realization of ideal radioprotectors has long been the hotspot in radiation medicine. Recently, nano-technology is equipping the traditional radioprotectors with better bioavailability, less toxicity, etc. This review summarized the development, design innovations, applications, challenges, and prospects of the intrinsic antiradiation nanomedicines, and presented a comprehensive overview, in-depth analysis, and an updated understanding of the latest advances in this topic.

This work describes a novel approach for macrophage polarization utilizing microrobots assembled by magnetic nanoparticles. It not only probed their system for macrophage polarization but also provided an excellent theoretical and experimental demonstration of the magneto-driven principles of their chain microrobots.