Hemorrhage control during the endoscopic submucosal dissection is an important issue to ensure a safe procedure. A basic understanding of the vascular architecture and acquiring techniques useful for preventing intraoperative hemorrhage in the process are needed.

Some socioeconomic factors seem to play a role in the rising trend of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) incidence and prevalence. These underlying factors provide opportunities and challenges for our IBD epidemiological studies over the next decade.

A total of 73 extremely elderly patients (>90 years) who underwent endoscopic stone removal for choledocholithiasis were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were divided into complete stone removal and incomplete stone removal (plastic stent insertion) groups. Kaplan–Meier analysis found no significant difference in overall survival (OS), and disease-specific survival (DSS) between the two groups.

Prophylactic intubation in severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding may be associated with greater risk of pneumonia, length of stay, death, and cost compared to endoscopy without intubation. Randomized trials examining this issue are warranted.

Chronic hemodialysis patients are at high risk of contracting hepatitis B (HBV) and C virus (HCV) infections. Although the chronic hemodialysis population is increasing in Vietnam, relatively little epidemiology is available for HBV and HCV infections in this population. To address this knowledge gap and to examine the implications of infection prevention of HBV and HCV in hemodialysis facilities, we reviewed the current literature on the magnitude of these infections in the hemodialysis population in Vietnam.

A significant concordance of explant diagnosis with pretransplant diagnosis was present in alcohol, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, autoimmune liver disease, biliary cirrhosis, and Budd–Chiari syndrome. For 37 patients with a pretransplant diagnosis of cryptogenic cirrhosis, major discordance was observed in 23 (62.1%). Cohen's Kappa for concordance of pretransplant diagnosis and explant diagnosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and cryptogenic cirrhosis patients was 0.75 and 0.47, respectively. An incidental hepatocellular carcinoma was observed in 16 explants, and 18 had granulomas.

The financial and psychological toll of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) flares is quite significant; however, it is unknown whether weekend hospitalization for IBD exacerbations carry a higher hospitalization burden. Utilizing the National Inpatient Sample from 2008 to 2014, we show that there is no significant difference in mortality, cost of admission, or length of stay between weekend and weekday admissions. Given effective management on the weekends, these data can be utilized for the purposes of logistic planning, such as procedure scheduling and resource allocation.

Initial regimens (triple therapy or sequential therapy or quadruple therapy) can be an effective regimen for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection, with a success rate of > 90%. For patients who failed to respond to initial triple therapy, using a longer duration of triple therapy or changing to quadruple therapy is the best choice. The resistant rates of amoxicillin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, and tetracycline are declining, but those of clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin are increasing.

Lenvatinib has been recently approved for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma based on the results of the REFLECT trial, which excluded patients with a history of systemic chemotherapy, bile duct invasion, and Child-Pugh grade B. We showed the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib for those patients and also for patients who did not meet the REFLECT inclusion criteria in a real-world setting.

This paper is the first to describe the clinical and endoscopic correlates of patients with dyspepsia in Cambodia, including predictors for organic causes of dyspepsia such as peptic ulcer disease or gastric cancer. The results are synthesized into a proposed algorithm for the management of dyspepsia in Cambodia.

Using transient elastography as the standard reference, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis 4 (FIB-4) performed well in the prediction of cirrhotic status in chronic hepatitis C patients, but APRI was better than FIB-4 for the prediction of significant fibrosis (SF). The high cut-off values of APRI proposed by World Health Organization (WHO) for both SF and cirrhosis yielded a very high positive predictive value to determine those conditions, but at the WHO low cut-off values, the negative predictive values were not satisfactorily high enough to rule out such conditions

Despite recent large-scale gene analyses, genetic indicators of endoscopic resection for colorectal carcinoma remain inconclusive. Next-generation sequencing analyses of 83 colorectal tumors demonstrated that numbers of copy number variations and TP53 and SMAD4 alterations were related to colorectal tumor progression. Furthermore, TP53 alteration rates in adenoma components were high in T1b carcinomas, warranting complete treatment with en bloc resection.

We performed a logistic regression analysis to determine whether the risk of invasive cancer of large colorectal laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) measuring 20 mm or greater and treated endoscopically can be predicted based on factors such as endoscopic findings in a large group of patients enrolled in a multicenter study in Japan. The locations and tumor diameters of the LSTs were found to differ significantly according to the LST subclassification. The risk of pathological T1 cancer was significantly associated with LST subclassification and tumor diameter.

Primary gastric aspergillosis is extremely rare. We report a rare case of primary invasive gastric aspergillosis in a 60-year-old diabetic and cirrhotic woman, with a large gastric perforation. Large confluent areas of gastric ulceration and necrosis with blackish exudates in an appropriate setting should evoke suspicion for invasive fungal infection and these patients should be started on prophylactic antifungal therapy immediately.

Small bowel malignancy is rare. Imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) have a limited role in the early diagnosis of small bowel malignancy. Capsule endoscopy and deep enteroscopy remain an important diagnostic tool after negative CT study.

Plastic stent migration is an important complication of pancreatic duct (PD) stenting. Proximal stent migration can cause serious complications, including obstructive pancreatitis. The endoscopic removal of proximally migrated stents is difficult because of the small diameter of PD, the bended and sometimes tortuous course of PD, the presence of strictures, and a lack of dedicated endoscopic accessories. We report a rare case of endoscopic retrieval of two proximally migrated plastic stents from PD.

We report the case of a noncirrhotic 25-year-old female patient with cryptogenic portal hypertension who underwent cyanoacrylate injection for acute gastroesophageal variceal bleeding with a subsequent embolic stroke via a previously unrecognized portopulmonary venous anastomosis.