Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (MΦ) are key antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that direct adaptive immunity. The role of CD11c+ myeloid cells in lung extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and pulmonary fibrosis is not well understood. Systemic depletion of CD11c+ cells confers protection against inflammation and fibrosis induced by bleomycin, underscoring the significance of myeloid cells expressing F4/80-MHCII+CD11c+ DCs and F4/80 + MHCII+CD11c+ MΦ orchestrating the inflammatory milieu within the lungs, potentially as a source of cytokines sustaining pulmonary chronic inflammation leading to progressive fibrosis and mortality.

The distribution of HIV-1 genotypes in MSM HIV-1 infection is diverse and complex, and age is an important factor.

The focus of this study was to express the clinical manifestations of respiratory disease in pediatric SARS-CoV-2, available therapeutic options, vaccine recommendations, and long COVID sequelae in affected children. This review could serve as a hint for upcoming challenges in pediatric care during future pandemics.

The flow chart provides an overview of the primary design of this study, as illustrated in the figure below.

Clinical significance of combined detection of CCL22 and IL-1 as potential new bronchial inflammatory mediators in children asthma.

This review highlights the importance of macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming in abdominal aortic aneurysm and summarizes the potential interventions that are currently available to regulate these processes.

This study assessed the immune response to the Sinopharm BBIB-CorV vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 over a period of 1 year, using a two-dose regimen. Conducted at the Military Hospital of Rabat, Morocco, the study found that additional booster vaccinations may be necessary based on the observed immunogenicity against various virus variants.

Patients for severity without COVID-19 vaccine had a 7.958 times higher mortality rate than those with it (95% CI, 6.12–10.33). Patients had a lower chance of recovery at 0.22 (95% CI, 0.08–0.60). When hospitalized patients were assessed, those for severity with COVID-19 vaccine had a similarly higher mortality rate. The estimates of relative risk (RR) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)/without cardiovascular disease (CVD) were at 5.59 (95% CI, 4.68–6.67), and the estimates of RR without-COPD/with-CVD observed at 3.79 (95% CI, 3.20–4.48), which denoted greater than the estimates of RR in with-COPD/without-CVD patients. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test clearly highlighted that the null hypothesis is totally rejected at p < 0.05, the median of differences between with or without COPD and CVD.

Tumor patients take a high risk of corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, high incidence of serious events, poor prognosis and high mortality in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, but there is still lack of more vaccination beneficial supporting evidence to encourage tumor patients to receive COVID-19 vaccination. We hope that our findings will strengthen their confidence of vaccines and improve the vaccination rate of them, so as to fill the gap in the immunization level for tumor patients and further reduce the risk of severe illness and death.

Exosomes from L-PRP restrained viability, induced apoptosis and NO generation of macrophages, and promoted M1 polarization, while exosomes from P-PRP increased M2 polarization. The exosomes from L-PRP presented a more effective effect on macrophages than that from P-PRP, making it a promising strategy for chronic refractory wound management.

Asthma patients With GINA 4 or 5 exhibit elevated transcriptional activity in eosinophils; this elevation is correlated With lung function decline. Air pollution may affect eosinophil mRNA expression in patients With asthma.

Our research performed a comprehensive analysis of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) in intervertebral disc degeneration, which revealed their functions and expression pattern in intervertebral disc tissue. We identified four hub SAGs, and established a predictive nomogram and explored the potential drugs. Our reserch provide new understandings of SAG mechanism and promising therapeutic strategies for IDD patients.

Notably, the manuscript delineates how formoterol shifts MoMFs from a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to a reparative M2 phenotype, a process mediated by increased glutaminase activity. This mechanism highlights a novel aspect of macrophage function regulation, which could be pivotal for developing new treatments for VMC. Furthermore, our results suggest that targeting β2-AR could be an effective approach to manage and treat VMC, presenting a significant step forward in the pharmacological management of this disease.

We analyzed the RDW, albumin, and RAR levels obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to investigate the association between RAR levels and the prevalence of kidney stones. We found higher RAR levels are associated with an increased prevalence of kidney stones in the general adult population.

Patients with migraine diagnosis who had positive food specific IgG antibodies had significantly worse headaches, gastrointestinal and anxiety symptoms, compared to the patients with negative IgG antibodies. Patients with more IgG positive foods and higher total positive IgG concentration generally had worse migraine conditions, anxiety, depression, and gastrointestinal symptoms. The effect of food specific IgG antibodies on severity of migraine and its comorbidities were antibody-quantity and IgG-concentration dependent.

This study investigates the associations between advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) and various types of pain, including joint pain, neck pain, low back pain, and severe headaches and migraines. Results showed that there was a linear relationship between ALI and joint pain. And ALI may affect the presence of pain at multiple sites.

Schistosomiasis is a major human disease of public health importance. The goal is to provide an overview of the history and advancements in schistosomiasis chemotherapy, chemoprevention, and vaccine research. Praziquantel is effective against all species of schistosomiasis, but schistosomiasis prevalence has largely remained unaffected, due to reinfection in high transmission areas and growing juvenile worms that were not affected by the drug, even though the need for a schistosomiasis vaccine is made even more pressing.

1. Ultrasound reduces the proportion of M1-type microglia and increases that of M2-type microglia in APP/PS1 mice 2. Ultrasound induces hippocampal proteomics changes in APP/PS1 mice 3. Ultrasound modulates microglial M1/M2 polarization is related to the pathway of oxidative phosphorylation.

Salirasib is a derivative of salicylic acid and has been known as an antagonist of the Ras protein molecule. To date, many studies have used salirasib as an inhibitor of the Ras protein molecule in various cancer cells, which has reduced the proliferation and migration of cancer cells. However, our study is the first to show the effect of salirasib on fibroblasts of patients with SSc. It was able to significantly reduce the factors involved in the process of fibrosis, which are known as Hall markers and the main cause of death in this disease. The inhibition of fibrosis by salirasib can be considered a potential therapeutic approach for these patients.

SARS-CoV-2 poses one of the most significant challenges in today's world. Vaccine acceptance is influenced by factors such as age, gender, and various socioeconomic variables. Various socio-demographic factors are involved in determining the rate of vaccine acceptance.

Periostin, a downstream factor of TGF-β1, is positively regulated by TGF-β1 under high glucose condition, affecting the epithelial-interstitial differentiation of HK-2 cells via the p38-MAPK signaling pathway. Therefore, periostin may serve as a biomarker of renal fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease.

In this study, we construct the novel multi-stage DNA vaccine, W541, against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Then, bioinformatics methods were applied to analyze various physicochemical properties and immunological characteristics of the vaccine. Finally, the immunogenicity of the vaccine was evaluated in animal experiments. The results suggested that the W541 DNA vaccine can induce strong cellular immune responses, and further optimization of this vaccine is possible. Bioinformatics analysis could reveal vaccines’ physicochemical and immunological information, which is critical for guiding vaccine design and development.

This study is the first to explore nirmatrelvir penetrating human epithelial lining fluid from the blood. We assessed the relationship between nirmatrelvir levels in plasma and those in human epithelial lining fluid to elucidate that the currently applied nirmatrelvir target plasma exposure of EC90 value (292 ng/mL) is not adequate for patients.

This article is a novel and comprehensive review of the roles of natural killer cells in various cancers of the respiratory system. It also discusses how those cells can be used to design cancer therapies to treat cancers of the respiratory system.