Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with significant morbidity and mortality. We reported and compared the clinical and para-clinical findings of immunocompromised and immunocompetent COVID-19 patients in a case-control study at the Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran, Iran. A total of 107 immunocompromised COVID patients as the case group and 107 immunocompetent COVID patients as the control group was recruited in the study. The participants were matched based on age and sex. The patients' information was retrieved from the hospital records in an information sheet. Associations between clinical and para-clinical findings with the immune status were assessed using bivariate and multivariate analyses. The clinical trial registration number is not applicable. The initial pulse rate and recovery time were significantly higher in immunocompromised patients (p < .05). Myalgia, nausea/vomiting, loss of appetite, headache, and vertigo were more frequently reported by the control group (p < .05). In terms of the duration of prescribed medications, Sofosbovir time was longer in the case group; while Ribavirin time was longer in the control groups (p < .05). The most common complication in the case group was acute respiratory distress syndrome although no major complications were observed in the control group. In the multivariate analysis, recovery time and Kaletra prescription were significantly higher in immunocompromised compared to the immunocompetent group. Recovery time was significantly higher in the immunocompromised compared to the immunocompetent group. This informs the current practice of dominant COVID-19 clinical course in immunocompromised patients and communicates the related implications.

Vitamin D supplementation in critically ill patients with COVID-19 have the potential to increase survivality within the first 30 days of hosptilization.

We illustrate that Scavenger receptor type B I (SR-BI), the major receptor for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) mediates delivery of cholesterol ester and cholesterol from HDL to the cell membrane. SR-BI is implicated as a receptor for entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Downregulation of SR-BI in COVID-19 could be due to direct invasion by SARS-CoV-2 or through upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory signaling pathways and high circulating AngII.

Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine.

This meta-analysis indicates that higher interleukin-6 level could estimate the risk of cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality in dialysis patients, indicating its monitoring may help dialysis management for improving the general prognosis

A2AR is expressed to some extent on various immune cells, where it is abnormally expressed on immune cells in cancers and autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the expression and distribution of A2AR, adenosine/A2AR signaling pathway, expression, and potential as a therapeutic target.

Several manifestations of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) can be misinterpreted as separate diseases and cause mismanagement. This poses physicians considerable challenges, not only regarding diagnosing but also in formulating a treatment plan. As a result of the failure to consider IEI diagnosis and the variety of diagnostic capabilities and laboratory facilities, undiagnosed patients are increasing. Stratifying these disorders through their involved organs and considering all aspects of the disease in each organ can lead to greater comprehension of IEI.

SARS-CoV-2 infection induces various storm types including cytokine storm (CS), inflammatory storm, lipid storm, thrombotic storm (TS), and oxidative storm. These storms are not developing alone since there is a close relationship between them. Therefore, the mixed storm seems to be more appropriate to be related to severe Covid-19 than CS, since it develops in Covid-19 due to the intricate interface between reactive oxygen species, proinflammatory cytokines, complement activation, coagulation disorders, and activated inflammatory signaling pathway

The present study aimed to expound the role of lncRNA MAGI2-AS3 in the pathogenic mechanism of IDD. Our findings revealed that LncRNA MAGI2-AS3 increased IL-10 level by sponging miR-374b-5p, which in turn alleviated LPS-triggered decrease in NP cell proliferation, increase in apoptosis, inflammatory response and extracellular matrix degradation. Therefore, lncRNA MAGI2-AS3 may be a potential therapeutic target for IDD.

Left ventricular systolic function did not differ between patients living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and controls, and left ventricular diastolic function was lower in PLWHA than in controls. Age, body mass index, and CD4⁺ count were independent factors affecting left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in antiretroviral therapy-naive PLWHA.

The present data indicate that downregulation of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 may decrease lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses and cell apoptosis through inhibiting of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway, which attenuates acute lung injury.

The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of a monoclonal anti-IL-4Rα antibody on the in vitro allergic response of basophils and T cells deriving from AD patients with comorbid ARC. We conclude, that an IL-4Rα blockade induced by a monoclonal anti-IL-4Rα-antibody leads to an increased activity/sensitivity of early effector cells (such as basophils), in contrast to a decreasing reactivity observed under an AIT. The late-phase T cell reaction to allergens did not differ between the herein assessed treatments.

The present study aimed to to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of lncRNA TUG1 in human renal mesangial cells (HRMCs) of Lupus nephritis (LN). Results revealed that lncRNA TUG1 alleviated LPS-induced HRMCs injury through regulating miR-153-3p/Bcl-2 axis in LN.

The clinical signs of elderly community-acquired pneumonia patients are not so typical. Attention should be paid to elderly patients. Compared with patients 65 to 74-year-old, patients over the age of 75 were more likely to have infections with mixed infection. They have higher PCT、D-D and lower ALB, which indicated severe infection.

Mmu_circ_0000037 regulated cell apoptosis and inflammatory response by sponging miR-92a-3p to deregulate the regulation on miR-92a-3p target Pias1.

Luteolin inhibited the inflammation and oxidative stress in cigarette smoke (CS)-treated mice. Luteolin alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress in CS-treated cells. Luteolin targeted and downregulated the NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) in CS-treated mice and cells. Luteolin alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via NOX4-mediated nuclear factor-kappa B signaling.

Ulinastatin combined with conventional treatment significantly controlled the infection symptoms, improved organ function, and shortened the treatment time in patients with unliquefied pyogenic liver abscesses complicated by septic shock.

In this study, we investigated the function of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) ANRIL in proliferation and migration of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), and to explore the role and potential mechanisms in asthma. The data indicated that The downregulation of lncRNA ANRIL inhibits airway remodeling through regulating miR-7-5p/EGR3 signaling to inhibit proliferation and migration of platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced ASMCs.

CircSmox reinforces lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells in vitro.

This is the first study that evaluates the bacterial composition in exposed women to known risk factors for lung diseases with normal lung function. The pro-inflammatory mediators play an essential role in the initiation and maintenance of inflammation.

Parathyroidectomy can significantly improve bone resorption and inflammation in secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) patients. We speculate that there may be an optimal range of parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations to minimize inflammation in the body.

Dendritic cells are the most effective antigen-presenting cells and play a key role in regulating the immune response of multiple antigens and immune sentries. We aimed to study the role and molecular mechanisms of OmpA-induced mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells autophagy in the immune response of Acinetobacter baumannii.

Molecular docking between citrulline and p65.

The three-dimensional structure model of antibody 25 (A), antibody 28 (B), antibody 32 (C), antibody 37 (D), antibody 54 (E), antibody 62 (F), C19L (G), and gamma Fc receptor type I (H), prepared by SWISS-model server.

Behçet syndrome (BS), a chronic, multisystemic inflammatory condition seems to harbor an impaired balance between anti- and proinflammatory gene expressions. CLEC12A, CLC, and IFI27 may be among these differentially expressed genes in Turkish BS patients. Another significant characteristic of BS is the observation of distinct expression profiles and molecular disease mechanisms in its clinical subgroups/phenotypes.

In this study, comprehensive profiling of innate and adaptive immune cells following influenza A virus infection over time in adult female and male mice was performed. The data reveals higher numbers of lung leukocytes and increased cytokine production in female mice at the onset of symptom progression. Additionally, female mice show a sex-dependent expansion of invariant natural killer T cell populations in lung at the start of disease recovery.

Migration inhibitory factor and cluster of differentiation 74-mediated dendritic cell apoptosis exacerbates acute drug-induced liver failure.

In conclusion, the main findings of present meta-analysis suggested that there was significant correlation between interleukin (IL)-33 levels and the severity of asthma. Therefore, the IL-33 levels of either serum or plasma may be regarded as a useful biomarker of asthma or the degree of disease. However, we can not ignore the influences of ethnic and age factors on the IL-33 levels. It is encouraged that data from multi-center, well-designed and large sample size studies should be conducted for validating the clinical value of IL-33 on asthma.

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can provide a diffusion information of hepatic fungal infection. DWI could be a valuable tool for therapy response assessment of acute leukemia.