The ocular surface may be an important route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. We found SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in tears, saliva and plasma from participants either convalescent from COVID-19 or receiving the Pfizer Comirnaty vaccine.

In a cohort of high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients enrolled in phase 2 clinical trial, clonally expanded intratumoral TCR repertoires were associated with a positive interim PET scans. Abundant intratumoral clonotypes were identified in peripheral blood at baseline and during chemoimmunotherapy.

With our method to standardize IgA values for laboratory and age differences, we show that IgA deficiency is more prevalent in children less than 7 years of age with recurrent respiratory infections compared with controls, implicating the clinical relevance.

A growing mechanistic understanding of the functional organisation of immune-regulating reflexes has enabled the use of electrical interfaces with the peripheral nervous system for the study and the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Here, we review neural circuits that regulate inflammation, discuss technologies for activation of peripheral nerves and provide some perspectives on clinical translation.

In this study, we found that circulating CD161⁺CD4⁺ T cells could infiltrate the liver in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Also, CD161⁺CD4⁺ T cells could produce abundant pro-inflammatory interleukin-17 and interferon-γ, and exert antiviral and liver pro-fibrogenic effects.

End-stage kidney disease (ESKD), regardless of aetiology, shares a common, highly inflammatory course promoting monocyte activation, leukocyte chemoattraction, and generalised inflammation. With substantial rates of TB reactivation in this patient group and mechanistic uncertainty, our study assesses plasma and cellular immune profiles from ESKD patients with and without latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). We learn how ESKD⁺/LTBI⁺ co-infection remains a highly inflammatory state compared to ESKD⁻/LTBI⁺ and find unique inflammatory signatures driven by the presence of ESKD.

Our study reveals, for the first time, crucial impairments of the bidirectional interactions between pDCs and γδ T cells in melanoma, and uncovered the dysfunction of BTN3A together with deregulation of specific immune checkpoints and type I/II IFNs in dictating defective pDC / γδT cell interplays. Such advances pave the way to harness these potent and promising cell partners to design novel immunotherapeutic strategies.

For this study on variation in IFN-α production, samples from high and low IFN-α producers were selected and their transcriptomes were compared before and after rhinovirus stimulation. Differential gene expression analysis revealed immunological differences at baseline prior to stimulus and differences in antiviral response and expression of genes related to cellular functions.