This systematic review provides an up-to-date profile of tracheostomy and endotracheal tube microbiomes, with Pseudomonas emerging as the most prevalent genus overall. Microbial profiles were equivalent whether identified by tracheal aspiration or direct culture, supporting aspiration as a reliable, noninvasive approach for biofilm assessment without requiring extubation.

Graphical abstract illustrating the multifaceted approach to harnessing fungal microbiome diversity for antibiotic discovery. Key elements include historical insights, modern genomic tools, and innovative biotechnological strategies for isolating and enhancing fungal antibiotic production. Highlighted are fungal communication networks and advanced fermentation techniques aimed at scaling up production and improving antibiotic yields.

This study determined the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) in seafood samples in Bangladesh. The findings also indicated that ESBL-EC showed higher phenotypic resistance profiles and contained ESBL-related resistance genes.

We compared microbiota changes following antibiotic treatment in two preclinical models of the human GI microbiota, minibioreactor arrays (MBRAs) and human microbiota associated mice (^HMAmice). MBRAs and ^HMAmice were colonized with feces from 12 or 3 healthy humans, respectively, before treatment with each of 12 or 6 antibiotics.

This study highlights the potential of Rhynchophorus phoenicis larvae as an alternative infection model for evaluating host–pathogen interactions and the synergistic effects of combined antimicrobial therapies using antibiotics and biosurfactants.

Genetically identical bacteria in the same environment sometimes behave differently. This happens for the expression of wbpL, a gene of plant pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae that shapes the bacterial surface and is important for infection and immunity. whose expression varies among individual bacteria, with ON/OFF bacteria coexisting with similar viability. In planta, the smaller size of microcolonies with higher wbpL expression suggests wbpL expression might slow growth or trigger stronger defenses. Phenotypic heterogeneity of lipopolysaccharide genes is a common strategy for plant and animal pathogens.

Multilocus sequence typing of 34 Candida tropicalis clinical isolates from Korea revealed three novel sequence types and evidence of genetic recombination. These findings highlight the ongoing genetic diversification and underscore the need for integrated genomic surveillance of emerging antifungal-resistant strains.

Colistin-resistance diagnostics that are efficient, affordable, easy to use, with quicker turnaround times are important for surveillance and control of resistance. The in-house Rapid NP test has very major errors but is both affordable and fast, with 92.16% sensitivity and 96.00% specificity. In descending order, the Vitek 2, ComASP colistin, Sensititre, and MicroScan had high efficiencies and a turnaround time of 18–24 h. CHROMAgar COL-APSE was more efficient in A. baumannii than Enterobacterales, with significant rates of major and very major errors.

A schematic representation depicting various mechanisms of plant growth promotion by fungal endophytes present in different parts of the plant. Fungal endophytes are present in various parts of the plant, including leaves, stems, and most abundantly in roots. In each of these niches, they promote plant growth through several mechanisms, such as nutrient absorption, hormonal stimulation, nitrogen fixation, iron uptake, and phosphate solubilization. Additionally, they aid in biostimulation and biocontrol mechanisms.

Lipid profiling using routine MALDI-TOF MS can serve as effective biomarkers for distinguishing Klebsiella species.

Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in South Africa exhibit > 50% resistance to first-line antibiotics, with rising carbapenem resistance. Urgent, targeted interventions and genomic surveillance are essential to curb the spread of multidrug-resistant strains and preserve treatment efficacy.

The optimal culture medium formula and fermentation process of Bifidobacterium longum HSBL001 were determined, and the fermentation level reached 1.17 × 10¹⁰ colony-forming units/mL, which lays a foundation for the industrial application of B. longum.