Oral malodor is a discomforting condition deriving from the presence of volatile sulfur compounds in the expired air. The study characterized and compared the microbial composition of tongue biofilm in volunteers suffering from halitosis and healthy volunteers by means of both the culture method and culture-independent cloning technique, revealing a distinct bacterial composition of halitosis-associated biofilms compared with the health-associated biofilms and a high bacterial diversity within the halitosis-associated biofilms.

We characterized the establishment and maintenance of bacterial and Symbiodiniaceae communities in the coral Acropora tenuis across the first year of juvenile ontogeny, identifying potentially key co-occurrence patterns using network modeling. Bioenergetic modeling combined with physiological measurements of coral juveniles (surface area and Symbiodiniaceae cell densities) identified periods of carbon limitation and nitrogen assimilation, potentially coinciding with shifts in microbial community composition. These dynamic communities vary in tandem with important fitness effects on host juvenile corals.

Our results reveal that the serine transporter SdaC plays a critical role in maintaining amino acid homeostasis during shifts in nutrient availability in Escherichia coli.

In this present study, we explored microbiota in the solid, liquid, and epithelium (dorsal and ventral) fractions of yak rumen, and compared functional profiles of microbiota of the four fractions, and also compared microbiota of the ventral epithelium between yak and cattle. Our results indicated the significant differences in bacterial communities between the liquid, solid, and epithelium fractions, and between dorsal and ventral epithelium fractions. Moreover, comparison of functional profiles among the solid, liquid, and dorsal and ventral epithelium fractions also revealed significant differences. Finally, we found that the microbial composition and functional profile in the ventral epithelium between yak and cattle significantly differed, suggesting the specific role of microbiota in the ventral epithelium of yak rumen.

In this study, we use 16S and 18S rRNA Illumina MiSeq sequencing data to characterize and compare the microbiota associated with fresh and strong flavor style flue-cured tobacco leaves and reveal correlations between the microbial taxa within them. Flue-cured tobacco leaf microbiota are correlated with flavor style, and species present at low numbers within the microbial communities can be used as microbial markers to discriminate between samples of different flavor styles and to stabilize flue-cured tobacco leaf microbial communities.

A novel piezophilic alphaproteobacterium, strain D4M1^T, was isolated from deep seawater of the Mariana Trench. The combined evidence shows that it represents a novel species of a novel genus in the family Rhodobacteraceae, for which the name Paraoceanicella profunda gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The complete genome contained 5,468,583-bp with a G + C content of 70.2 mol% and contained 4,855 protein-coding genes and 78 RNA genes. Genomic analysis revealed abundant clues on bacterial high-pressure adaptation and piezophilic lifestyle.

Microbial ecologists have long asked how microbes expand their niche breadth. Our study uses experimental evolution in bacteriophage T4 to inquire about the genes that change in response to expanded host niche breadth. We find that structural genes—those that provide morphological and biophysical integrity to a virus—are central determinants in bacteriophage niche breadth.

The Leishmania lysosome has an atypical structure, consisting of a vesicle-filled tubule called the multivesicular tubule (MVT) lysosome. We examined the dynamics of this structure through the cell cycle using mNeonGreen tagged protein markers; the MVT lysosome elongated during the cell cycle and then disassembled before cytokinesis. The disassembly of the MVT lysosome coincided with a reduction in endocytosis rate.

We analyze here the adaptive response of Candida albicans cells to changes in the iron content of the culture environment. This response includes changes in intracellular redox status and the reorientation of metabolic pathways, as shown by label-free analyses and biochemical measurements. We found that iron deficiency stimulated the TCA cycle, mitochondrial respiratory chain, and ATP production, to compensate for cellular stress, to maintain normal levels of ATP, and to ensure cell survival. Conversely, an increase of iron is associated with biosynthetic needs, especially in filamentous forms.

In this work, we studied de-esterification activity of Lactobacillus buchneri in presence of glucose. Our results indicated that glucose did not repress the de-esterification reaction. The results obtained provide information about catabolic capacity of L. buchneri.

We simulated the evolution of a probiotic bacteria. We isolated an intestinal Lactobacillus reuteri (from mouse) and subjected it to 150 passes in milk. The strain adapted to milk gained ability to grow in this substrate, but it seemed to have lost the ability to colonize intestines.

Codon usage plots of hepatitis A virus (HAV) compared with that of other virus species may suggest HAV originated from an insect virus.

The genome of the Halobacterium salinarum type strain (91-R6, DSM 3754) was compared at the DNA and protein levels to the genomes of two well-studied laboratory strains, NRC-1 and R1. The chromosomes and portions of the plasmids were very closely related. However, distinct homologs for proteins involved in motility and N-glycosylation were encountered.

Despite published evidence that IQS (2-(2-hydroxylphenyl)-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde) is in fact aeruginaldehyde, a by-product of the siderophore pyochelin biosynthesis or degradation and that the ambABCDE genes are not responsible for IQS synthesis, several authors, including in top review journals, perpetuate the wrong information. I hope that this short comment will clarify the situation once and for all.