The aim of this study was to compare the prognostic value of the 7th and 8th editions of the AJCC TNM classification for stage III gastric cancer. Furthermore, a proposed staging system was established, and the three systems were compared in terms of prognostic performance.

Cytoreductive nephrectomy is commonly used in conjunction with systemic therapy to treat advanced renal cell carcinoma. Despite a strong association with improved survival, individuals who are elderly, female, have treatment in a nonteaching facility or do not have private insurance have a reduced likelihood of receiving this surgery.

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is emerging as a powerful biomarker for a range of cancers. The authors of this study have used digital PCR to assess the ability to detect ctDNA for the first time in patients with chondrosarcoma. ctDNA was detectable in 14 of 29 patients and its detection was associated with high-grade disease and a significantly poorer prognosis compared to those patients in whom mutant IDH1 was not detected in cell free DNA.

In local and regional cutaneous melanoma, women of all ages have a significant survival benefit over men. However, data from the SEER registry indicate that this female survival advantage is decreased when the disease is metastatic, suggesting an unknown protective biology is lost in distant disease.

PLN metastasis was found to be an adverse prognostic factor for NPC and to be correlated with the same DMFS as N3 disease.

Lentinan is a common biological response modifier. This study used meta-analysis method and found adjuvant lentinan with chemotherapy achieved improvements in 1-year survival rate, response rate, and adverse events in advanced cancer. The effect seemed to be similar irrespective of cancer type.

Proton therapy for localized prostate cancer demonstrates favorable biochemical control particularly for high- and very high-risk patients and a lower incidence of late genitourinary toxicity. Our findings indicate the necessity of considering patient age in the treatment protocols.

This retrospective cohort study proposed an alternative prognostic grouping of PTC patients with N1b disease. Restratification based on lateral LN ratio and largest LN size better discriminated N1b patients with different prognosis.

This study demonstrated the usefulness of the microRNAs miR-199a-3p and miR-214-3p in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer after radical cystectomy as predictive biomarkers of overall survival. In this aspect, the miRNAs combined with traditional clinicopathological factors improved the prediction accuracy for overall survival and could be useful to facilitate clinical decision making for further treatment strategies.

The study demonstrated the feasibility and safety of stereotactic body radiation therapy for elder with locally pancreatic cancer, with acceptable survival and mild toxicities. Besides, higher doses may be associated with better tumor response.

In this nationwide cohort study, the authors examined the association between osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) and survival among cancer patients treated with bone-targeted agents. ONJ was associated with reduced survival. The reason for the association is likely ONJ being a marker of advanced disease or of survival-related lifestyle characteristics.

Relationship between neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) and (A) postoperative disease-free survival (DFS) and (B) postoperative overall survival (OS) and relationship between perioperative adjuvant portal vein infusion (PVI) chemotherapy and (C) postoperative DFS and (D) postoperative OS.

Our data confirmed the prognostic role of baseline FDG-PET in a large series of MPM patients: baseline SUVmax and TLG statistically significantly correlate with PFS and OS in all population. In patients without pleurodesis, the FDG-PET is able to predict treatment response: both ∆SUV ≥ 25% and ∆TLG ≥ 30% responses have a statistically significant lower risk of PD and death.

Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) is an emerging technique for analysis of cell-free DNA in cancer diagnostics. We investigated different methods and procedures used during preanalytical workup of blood samples.

We showed that aTKI inhibits the cancer stroma of RCC mainly through PDGF signaling pathways, whereas an mTOR inhibitor inhibits cancer cell proliferation, such that the combination therapy effectively inhibits the tumor environment of RCC leading to impaired tumor growth.

In this study, we found hundreds of lncRNAs are dysregulated in human CRC, and many of those lncRNAs expression levels are associated with patients survival time. We identified many liver metastasis-associated lncRNAs in CRC, and validated one of these lncRNA termed LUCAT1.

This study showed that CISD2 is down-regulated in gastric cancer tissues, and significantly correlated with age, Lauren's classification, and differentiation. The inhibitory effect of CISD2 on gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration invasion, and increase chemotherapy sensitivity are mediated by enhancing 5-FU-induced apoptosis and inhibiting autophagy through AKT/mTOR pathway. The results elucidate a potential mechanism underlying the tumor-suppressor role of CISD2 and it is expected that screening CISD2 expression combined chemotherapy drugs will become the new therapy strategy for gastric cancer.

High-grade neuroendocrine tumor (HGNET) (small cell lung carcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma) is the most aggressive histological subtype of lung cancer, and immunotherapies, including anti-PD-1/Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapy, are emerging and promising. The prevalence of PD-L1 positivity in lung HGNET is shown. PD-L1 positivity is associated with lower mortality in lung HGNET.

HCC involves HBV infection and AFB1 exposure has a poor prognosis and high P62 expression. High P62 expression activates the NRF2 pathway, promotes tumor recurrence, downregulates AKR7A3, and reduces liver detoxification of aflatoxin B1.

This study provides integrative analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics data for mouse HCC induced by the ras oncogene. The enhanced glycolysis, citrate shuttle, pentose phosphate pathway, and expression of lipid biosynthesis-associated key enzymes play central roles in the accumulation of lipid droplets in HCC. Enhanced cholesterol biosynthesis and attenuated bile acid biosynthesis play important roles in cholesterol accumulation in HCC. High levels of GSH and elevated Bcl2 and Ucp2 expression may contribute to a normal level of ROS in HCC.

We have previously identified a pancreatic cancer-targeting peptide ligand and demonstrated that a survivin promoter-regulated adenovirus, displaying the ligand, provided effective oncolysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in a preclinical study. In this study, we found that this adenovirus showed an even higher gene transduction efficiency and oncolytic potency for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in vitro, in a mouse model, and using clinical specimens of various human cancers. The data suggest that the virus, AdSur-SYE, is a promising next-generation therapy agent for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

miR-206 inhibits the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via targeting CDK9. These data indicated that miR-206 plays its anti-HCC effect via, at least partially, targeting the CDK9 signaling pathway, suggesting that miR206-CDK9 pathway may be a novel potential target for the treatment of HCC.

This article demonstrates one of the largest series examining the role of active surveillance in patients with very low-risk prostate cancer. Our results in disparities and trends in recommendations for active surveillance reveal an important aspect of cancer care in the management of this disease entity.

Recent evidence indicates that postmenopausal breast cancer risk increases with higher levels of 16-EpiE3 and decreases with lower levels of 2-OHE1 in different prospective cohorts. Since moderate alcohol consumption in our study of postmenopausal women increased 16-EpiE3 and lowered 2-OHE1, these results imply that moderate drinking may have dual effects on later breast cancer development, but this finding needs confirmation.

Representative images of IHC analysis for detection of PCNA in the tongues of 4NQO-treated mice with or without DOX (DOX+ and DOX- respectively). Scale bars, 40 μm. PCNA-positive cells in DOX+ iDek mice were spread to the upper layer of the epithelium and the PCNA-positive index in DOX+ iDek mice was significantly higher than that in DOX- iDek mice.

To date, the role of socioeconomic status (SES), either at the individual or community level, in shaping lung cancer risk has been only measured in non-Chinese populations, and the association is inconsistent. This is the first study to consider, simultaneously, measures of SES at the individual and area levels in China, in which the most socioeconomically deprived areas is associated with a higher risk of advanced-stage lung cancer compared with the least deprived areas.

Early detection of colorectal cancer is associated with improved survival, but patients are often diagnosed at a stage beyond surgical cure. We have validated in UK primary care a new risk algorithm for colorectal cancer that draws on full blood count data. Changes in full blood count indices enable identification of patients at risk, offering a new approach to support early detection.

Our results showed a decreased risk of prostate cancer in men using NSAIDs, especially with frequent, current, and chronic use. This effect is particularly observed in men using nonaspirin NSAIDs, and especially with preferential anti-COX-2 activity. Protective effect of NSAIDs seemed to be more pronounced in aggressive prostate cancer and in situation of chronic inflammation mediated by a personal history of prostatitis.

The purpose of this study was to synthesize and examine the evidence on the relative risk of leukemia among hair dye users under various exposure scenarios. Findings suggest that personal hair dye use is not a significant risk factor for leukemia when data from all studies were combined. Upon stratification, permanent hair dye use, dark hair dye use, hair dye use pre-1980, hair dye use among males, and hair dye use for ≥15 years were associated with a statistically significant increased risk of leukemia. Further research is required to determine whether these associations truly reflect a risk of leukemia due to methodological limitations in the underlying studies.