Highlights

• Diabetic kidney disease is a progressive disease with the pathology of glomerular damage and loss of podocytes.
• Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) can be expected to decrease the amount of podocyte excretion.
• Male patients receiving SGLT2i have better diabetic kidney disease-related parameters and podocyturia levels.

Highlights

• Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling is an emerging promising therapeutic target for diabetes.
• Modulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, via protein and peptide-based biologics, parasite-derived molecules, plant extracts, or through microRNA interactions, will regulate the processes that determine the function of β-cells and the fate of β-cell mass.
• Therapeutic approaches targeting PI3K/Akt signaling will have broad-reaching applications for the prevention of type 1 diabetes, the preservation of islets prior and post transplantation, and the treatment of type 2 diabetes

Highlights

• New-onset diabetes and weight losses were common presentation and risk factors of early-onset PC, which required more attention.
• Long-term diabetes and heavy weight loss were risk factors contributing to distant metastases and less radical surgery, which needed to be better treated.

Highlights

• The gender-specific role of sphingolipids in obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions is unclear. The aim of this study is to identify ceramide species by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry that accumulate in central fat in relation to status of diabetes and gender for subjects with a body mass index ≥40 kg/m² or > 35 kg/m² with comorbidity.
• The results showed significantly increased ceramide levels in visceral tissue of patients with diabetes and prediabetes and unveiled several ceramide species that are differentially expressed in insulin-resistant females compared to males.

Highlights

To summarize, we found that the incidence of complications in subsequent pregnancies in women with recurrent GDM did not differ from that in their index pregnancies. There is a high incidence of thyroid disease in women with recurrent GDM in this study. And whether thyroid disorders increase in women with a history of GDM needs to be confirmed by further studies. The main reasons for cesarean delivery in women with uncomplicated GDM were fetal distress, macrosomia, and failed induction of labor. Therefore, prenatal guidance and the pre-delivery evaluation of women with their first incidence of GDM are especially important and need careful clinical management. There is a high rate of neonatal admission to NICU in cases of recurrent GDM, mainly due to neonatal respiratory disease. This study had some limitations. Firstly, our study is a single-center observational cohort study with a moderate sample size and no control group. Secondly, these changes can not be ruled out due to the possibility of age. Further research is required to investigate how we can reduce this occurrence.

Highlights

• C3c deposition in the kidney was associated with worse renal outcomes and was an independent predictor for ESRD in DKD patients with T2DM.
• C3c deposition in the kidney might be a novel biomarker indicating DKD progression in T2DM.