Highlights

• The protein pyrrole adducts in both plasma and urine correlated well with glucose indices, namely fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycate hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).
• Elevated plasma pyrrole adducts was related to positive distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN) symptoms and a high resting heart rate.
• The findings of protein pyrrole adducts build a new bridge between glucose indices and the etiology of DSPN.

Highlights

• Metformin has been shown to alleviate diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
• The neuroprotective and analgesic effects of metformin are related to the activation of AMPK, the clearance of MGO, and the reduction of insulin resistance and neuroinflamation.
• AMPK activation is critical for the analgesic effect of metformin.
• AMPK activation can attenuate inflammatory response and oxidative stress, regulate autophagy and regulate ion channels.

Highlights

• Annual numbers of hospitalizations of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) in coprevalence with diabetes mellitus (DM) increased significantly during the observational period from 2005 to 2019.
• Age and comorbidity-burden of PAD patients with DM aggravated over time, whereas major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events and in-hospital mortality of PAD patients with DM decreased from 2005 to 2019.
• The proportion of female PAD patients with DM decreased from 2005 to 2019.
• Annual numbers of amputation surgeries decreased from 2005 to 2019 driven by declining numbers of major amputations.
• Compared to nondiabetic persons, presence of DM was associated with poor in-hospital outcome, which was widely unchanged over time.

Highlights

1. In a community-dwelling Chinese population, famine exposure in early life, especially during the fetal and childhood stages, has an association with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in later life, but the above findings only applied to females, not males.
2. Compared to nonexposed and nonobese participants, those with both fetal famine exposure and adulthood general obesity had a higher risk of MetS of more than 17-folds.
3. The coexistence of malnutrition in early life and adulthood overweight/obesity had an association with a higher risk of MetS.

Highlights

• Electroacupuncture (EA) regulates the intestinal flora by promoting intestinal motility.
• EA regulated the intestinal flora to reduce the level of systemic inflammation.
• EA lowering the blood glucose by the IKKβ/NF-κB-JNK-IRS-1-AKT signal pathway.

Highlights

• The COVID-19 pandemic affected nonpregnant women who had oral glucose tolerance tests in outpatient clinics more than pregnant women.
• After the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increased at the height of the epidemic, but the overall prevalence of GDM decreased yearly from 2019 to 2021.
• The risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with GDM after the COVID-19 pandemic did not differ from before the pandemic.