The tragedy in Michigan reminds us to remember the people who put their lives on the line to help others to live, and the high price that they and their families sometimes have to pay. See also tribute by Merion in this issue on page 2060.

AJT and the transplant community are mourning the loss of four brave professionals who died in a tragic airplane crash while retrieving organs. See also editorial by Klintmalm in this issue on page 2059.

The VICTOR trial is an important step in showing that oral valganciclovir is effective in the treatment of CMV disease, but many questions remain before we can declare victory over CMV disease. See also article by Åsberg et al in this issue on page 2106.

AMR is increasingly recognized as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in heart transplantation but treatment strategies must now be developed.

The working group on heart retransplantation convened as part of a consensus conference on retransplantation sponsored by the AST, ASTS, and NIAID, reviews data concerning heart retransplantation and provides recommendations regarding candidate selection for retransplantation.

This approach to improving corneal allograft survival involves lentiviral delivery of Bcl-xl to the corneal endothelium.

This paper shows that low levels of mixed xenogeneic chimerism induce global unresponsiveness of recipient natural killer cells, supporting an anergy model for NK cell “tolerance”.

A neuropilin like protein, ESDN, is increased in the course of vascular remodeling in graft arteriosclerosis and regulates cell proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Oral valganciclovir is an effective and safe treatment option for CMV disease in solid organ transplant recipients. See also editorial by Avery in this issue on page 2062.

This study of protocol biopsies shows that immune-mediated injuries remain important in the early progression of chronic allograft pathology while incident tacrolimus exposure is not associated with histological lesions suggestive of CNI-nephrotoxicity.

Transplant glomerulopathy is often detected on biopsies showing minimal histologic abnormalities otherwise, and is highly associated with anti-HLA class II antibodies present at transplant indicating that antibody-mediated injury is an important cause of transplant glomerulopathy.

In 19 renal transplant recipients with systemic vasculitis, graft and patient survival was good, despite seven patients having recurrent vasculitis.

In the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA), cancer rates in kidney recipients are similar to non-transplanted people 20-30 years older but absolute risk differs among patient groups.

Pediatric patients who underwent a kidney transplant for obstructive or reflux nephropathy developed more urologic complications post-transplant, including acidosis and infections in those undergoing bladder augmentation.

Progression of coronary artery calcification in kidney transplant recipients is associated with white race, hypertension, high body mass index, and lower renal function.

About half of late graft loss after pediatric liver transplantation is related to rejection and late consequence of hepatic arterial thrombosis, whereas mortality is most often due to sepsis, multi-system organ failure, and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease.

The genetic evolution of the NS3 and NS5B regions of the Hepatitis C virus is diverse after liver transplantation suggesting a complex interplay between viral evolution and clinical outcomes.

Ischemic preconditioning in this trial was associated with liver aminotransferase elevation and re-operation, but not with significantly less primary non-function.

This human PBMC-NOD/SCID chimera model demonstrated immune tolerance to blood group-A antigens in a blood group-O pediatric recipient of a group-A liver allograft.

Fractionated plasma separation and adsorption results in loss of coagulation factors and is associated with repeated thrombosis in hemodialysis patients.

This child who underwent auxiliary liver transplantation has acceptable outcome parameters after 10 years.

Living donor liver transplantation for PSC was discontinued, because the histological findings in intraoperative donor liver biopsy were identical to those of early-stage PSC.

This recipient of a bilateral lung transplant developed veno-occlusive disease of the liver, possibly related to azathioprine.