Lack of NOS2 expression in kidney donors resulted in advancing graft rejection in a murine model of kidney allotransplantation, indicating a protective role of donor NOS2 activity in renal allograft survival.

In monkeys receiving kidney allografts, antibody against human CD45RB prolonged graft survival either alone or in combination with tacrolimus.

A luminol-based chemiluminescence assay to quantify ROS from intact rat and human islets predicted islet potency in transplants into streptozotocin-induced diabetic immunodeficient (NOD-SCID) mice, as well as results in clinical islet transplantation.

In a rodent model of warm pancreatic ischemia, administration of sirolimus improved microcirculation at a very early stage, but resulted in an impairment of the recovery phase after ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Passive transfer of complement fixing anti-MHC class I antibodies caused allograft arteriopathy that persisted in murine heart allografts after C4d deposition in the capillaries had disappeared, arguing for the importance of serial sampling to ascertain the relevance of alloantibody to chronic graft rejection.

vWF plays a role in the ‘delayed’ dysfunction observed in pulmonary xenotransplantation using PIM depleted hMCP organs.

Unlike immunosuppressives and steroids, erythromycin and azithromycin decrease IL-8 production, which could contribute to their anti-inflammatory effects and their application to BOS in lung transplantation.

In rats, lungs retrieved late from brain-dead donors had similar inflammatory markers to those retrieved early, but significantly lower pulmonary vascular resistance.

Clinical islet transplantation is associated with a deterioration in renal function despite improved glycemia, although individual responses are varied and difficult to predict. See also editorial by Cosio and Burke in this issue on page.

This analysis of national UNOS/OPTN data found that cold ischemic time durations of up to 8 hours were not associated with compromised long-term renal allograft outcomes, suggesting that regional transport of live donor organs may be a feasible option for kidney paired donation.

The extent to which kidney transplant patients are adherent to the immunosuppressive therapy, which is an important prerequisite for long-term transplant survival, varies substantially between patients, and partially depends on patient-related characteristics.

This randomized controlled trial, which was prematurely terminated because of a high graft loss rate in a control group subjected to tacrolimus conversion and (if indicated) anti-cellular treatment only, suggests efficiency of immunoadsorption with protein A in reversing severe C4d-positive antibody-mediated rejection.

In the UNOS data, outcomes for kidneys and livers from donors deceased after cardiac death are encouraging when compared to the alternatives.

This pilot study demonstrates that an auxiliary partial liver graft, transplanted with the sole purpose of reducing the effect of anti-donor lymphocytotoxic HLA-antibodies, enables concomitant kidney transplantation against a positive lymphocytotoxic crossmatch in sensitized recipients.

This 3 year study re-affirms the superiority of tacrolimus based immunosuppression in adults undergoing primary liver transplantation using the combined endpoints based on freedom from death, graft failure, and treatment failure.

Early experience with the use of older adults (>44 years) as donors in right lobe living donor liver transplantation from a single North American center is encouraging, but this option may be associated with higher rates of biliary complications in the recipients.

Despite the increasing use of expanded criteria livers, older age and NAFL still account for a significant proportion of livers that go untransplanted.

The pattern and management of biliary strictures after right-lobe living donor liver transplantation (RLDLT) from this experience from a single Western center shows that, although biliary strictures are common in RLDLT, they can usually be managed non-operatively and do not affect short-term graft survival.

ARF, but not ARI, as defined by the RIFLE criteria, had an impact on 30-day and 1-year patient survival and longer length of hospital stay in liver transplant recipients.

Under alpha interferon therapy 21% of liver transplants manifested acute rejection, particularly those with previous rejection.

Aprotinin and tranexamic acid significantly reduce transfusion requirements during liver transplantation, with no apparent increased risk of thrombo-embolic complications.

Active immunization is an effective method to prevent de novo HBV infection in pediatric patients with efficient primary vaccination undergoing living donor liver transplantation.

QE displays the cellular, molecular and vascular features of lymphoid organs and shares a common molecular and cellular pathway, consisting of CXCL13/BCA-1/BLC expression and CD20⁺B lymphocyte recruitment, with recurrent episodes of acute cardiac rejection.

Organ-focused behavior of professionals and an ambivalent decision-making style of relatives are risk factors for traumatic memories.

The first human trial of a caspase inhibitor in organ preservation suggests the agent offers local therapeutic protection against liver CI/WR-mediated apoptosis and injury.

Tissue donors from Northern Alberta, in particular living surgical bone donors who are followed up with repeat HBV, HCV, and HIV screening at least 6 months after their donation, are at very low risk for infection with and thus transmitting these blood-borne viral pathogens.