Computer Aided Diagnostics (CAD) systems can automate the differentiation of maxillary sinus (MS) with and without opacification, simplifying the typically laborious process and aiding in clinical insight discovery within large cohorts.

The treatment of empty nose syndrome remains challenging despite the increasing attention to its clinical impact. Herein, we introduce our experience of applying a newly developed “3D-printed nasal plug” as an alternative conservative treatment modality.

Among the several phases of SNIP, the late stage exhibited a considerable increase in the expression of autophagy-related genes and HMGB1 in comparison with the early stage. At various phases, HMGB1 and genes linked to autophagy may provide novel prediction targets for SNIP.

Phase II randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial of 20 doses of 0.5% povidone-iodine nasal spray (Nasodine) eliminated SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding in the nose after 4 days and after 5 days in the throat based on quantitative viral cultures.

The high-dose ciprofloxacin–azithromycin stent provides sustained drug release within the rabbit maxillary sinus at levels that would provide efficacious treatment of recalcitrant infections without measurable toxicity. This sinus stent is highly translatable to human studies and could be a revolutionary new treatment for recalcitrant bacterial chronic rhinosinusitis.

The variation in complexity of patients treated between physicians is understudied. According to Medicare metrics and HCC risk, rhinologists with greater years in practice and full professorial rank treat less complex patients and are reimbursed more per service than junior colleagues.

This investigation pooled data from four prospective studies of people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) and chronic rhinosinusitis across 10 U.S. centers to determine the factors that predicted improvement in 22-question SinoNasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) scores following highly effective modulator therapy (HEMT), and to corroborate the SNOT-22 minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in PwCF. Worse baseline sinonasal symptoms, F508del homozygosity, and absence of prior modulator therapy predicted greater SNOT-22 score improvement after HEMT initiation. The mean MCID for SNOT-22 in PwCF was calculated to be 8.5 points, similar to non-CF individuals with CRS pursuing sinus surgery.

This report details the diagnosis of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia (LPL/WM) in a 65-year-old female patient presenting with persistent bilateral epistaxis. Comprehensive diagnostic evaluations revealed this rare underlying condition, highlighting the importance of thorough investigation in cases of recurrent epistaxis unresponsive to standard treatments. The case emphasizes the necessity for clinicians to consider a broad differential diagnosis in such scenarios.

We present a case report detailing the experience of our patient, a 47-year-old woman with multiple metallic tracheal stents placed at an outside facility for the treatment of tracheal stenosis. The report illustrates the harms of metal tracheal stents.

RSA-10 is a new instrument for documenting signs of reflux.

Artificial intelligence software has become incredibly popular, but this study showed that it answered otolaryngology questions correctly 45% of the time, and only 37% of the time for questions based on clinical practice guidelines. Practitioners and patients should exercise caution when asking medical information from software such as ChatGPT, especially since sources are not cited for the information it presents.

The differential for an ill-defined, bone-destructive, granulomatous lesion of the skull base includes malignancy, as well as autoimmune and infectious processes. Suspicion for tuberculosis of the skull base in high-risk patients is particularly necessary given the difficulty to culture on standard cultures, need for specific and prolonged antibiotic therapy, and dire morbidity if not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. Repeat biopsies and cultures were necessary to diagnose this case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis of the skull base after initial biopsy was non-diagnostic.

This research confirms depressor anguli oris excision improves patient-reported, clinician-graded, and objective smile outcomes in patients with nonflaccid facial paralysis in the largest case series to date. We demonstrate for the first time that depressor anguli oris excision increases happiness conveyed by patients with nonflaccid facial paralysis while smiling and at rest.

This prospective, randomized, controlled, single-blind study was conducted at Ohud Hospital from May 2021 to May 2022. Ear surgery and cochlear implantation in patients were examined, and each ear was randomly assigned to receive layered closure or subcuticular sutures. Incisions were assessed at various time points, including 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year post-surgery. The patient and observer Scar Assessment Scale was used, and two independent ear surgeons used the Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale for initial scar assessment.

Transoral sialolithotomy performed in-office under local anesthesia is routinely performed for distal submandibular stones. We demonstrate the senior author's novel practice of in-office transoral sialolithotomy for hilar and intraglandular stones. A review of cases performed by the senior author revealed similar rates of complication and stone recurrence as those reported in the literature from removal under general anesthesia. Laryngoscope, 134:4042–4044, 2024

This study explores the impact of Surgery-induced stress (SIS) on the normal airway repair post-airway reconstruction, utilizing a mouse microsurgery model, proteomics, and computational methods. Findings revealed a significant increase in submucosal cellular infiltration and alterations in the matrisome composition at three months' post-transplantation. The identification of a unique proteomic signature, including 217 "Surgery-evoked proteins," suggests intricate connections between neutrophils, extracellular matrix remodeling, and angiogenesis, highlighting the potential role of MMP9 in the immune response and repair after airway reconstruction.

This cross-sectional study using national Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data supports independent associations between hearing loss (HL) and depression, as well as self-reported voice disorder and depression. Those with a combination of HL and self-reported voice disorder had nearly double the odds of depression compared to those with neither condition. Future research should highlight using both objective and subjective metrics for the exposures of HL and voice disorder.

This article show that narrow band imaging provides greater contrast for lesion areas compared than panchromatic light in sulcus, scar, and nodules. It provides objective evidence that NBI can aid in detecting benign vocal fold lesions during routine office laryngoscopy.

Mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) is a value calculated on multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH studies and provides a functional measure of the esophageal epithelial barrier. MNBI has been shown to help with the diagnosis, characterization, and management of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. We analyzed its utility in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) symptoms and found it to be predictive of LPR and responsiveness to antireflux treatment.

This study confirmed that POSTN can promote the proliferation and migration of tracheal fibroblasts and cause the formation of laryngotracheal scars. This effect is related to the activation of the TGFβ1/RHOA pathway. POSTN and the TGFβ1/RHOA pathway may key factors in the pathogenesis of Laryngotracheal stenosis.

The position and angle of the paralyzed vocal fold projected onto the thyroid plate and arytenoid cartilage position were examined using computed tomography before and after surgery. The paralyzed vocal fold angle was not parallel to baseline, but at an approximate 20° angle.

In this retrospective cohort study of 477 patients undergoing evaluation for superior canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS), the diagnostic incidence, or yield, of newly identified radiographic superior semicircular canal abnormalities and SCDS was 45.1% and 27.2%, respectively. Patients not diagnosed with SCDS alternatively received 21 unique diagnoses and 52.1% (138/265) were not definitively diagnosed with any condition.

Research participant samples that are representative of the patient population are needed to ensure appropriate interpretation and application of research findings for all patients. We evaluated the efficacy of a specific study design and recruitment strategy in obtaining a participant sample that was representative of the cochlear implant patient population at our center. There were no significant differences between groups for biological sex, age at implantation, racial distribution, socioeconomic position, degree of urbanization, or drive time to the center, indicating the study design and recruitment strategy supported a sample that was representative of our patient population.

The petrosquamosal sinus (PSS) is a rare and almost unknown emissary vein of the temporal bone. It traverses the middle cranial fossa along the petrosquamosal fissure and connects dural sinuses with extracranial venous networks. It is known to undergo normal involution during fetal and early postnatal life, and therefore is rarely found in humans. When encountered during surgery, it can be a significant source of bleeding hindering proper visualization of important surgical landmarks. Here we report the case of a PSS, encountered in a child during cochlear implantation surgery. We discuss its clinical significance and impact on the surgical approach.

A 15-year-old male with previous open tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) repair presented with a large, short recurrent TEF. The TEF was denuded with cautery on the tracheal side and the patient was intubated with a cuffed endotracheal tube. Suspension microesophagoscopy allowed excellent exposure of the TEF from the esophageal side, which was cauterized. Four sutures were placed endoscopically from the esophageal side, and the TEF remained closed 6 months postoperatively. Laryngoscope, 134:4114–4117, 2024

This article presents a rare case of a large hairy polyp, a developmental malformation causing a benign tumor, within the nasopharynx. The patient, born with the polyp obstructing the airway, required immediate intubation and a combined transnasal-transoral surgical approach for excision. The case underscores the challenges in diagnosing and managing such polyps, emphasizing the importance of imaging for surgical planning, and the consideration of multiple approaches to ensure complete resection and prevent recurrence.

This is the first description of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) use in rescuing alloplastic ear reconstructions. Previously considered a sign of certain impending failure, severe infections with frank purulence can be salvaged. As a more recently developed technique, porous polyethylene (PPE) ear reconstruction provides benefits when compared to rib techniques. Increasing surgeon awareness of complication management may lead to further adoption of the technique and improve reconstructive results.

This is the precious study to evaluate the relationship between OME and balance disorders and the effects of ventilation tube insertion on balance using Computerized Dynamic Posturography. Furthermore, this study is the first to examine the relationship between a static clinical test and Computerized Dynamic Posturography.

Bronchoscopy in pediatric ECMO patients should be performed judiciously, with special attention to patient selection. Adverse events are associated with the number of bronchoscopies and the presence of obstructive material.

This study found that weight gain following adenotonsillectomy in pediatric patients correlates with higher rates of residual obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). It highlights the need for weight management counseling before the procedure to improve OSA outcomes.

Postoperative outcomes in very severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is not well studied in pediatric patients. In a retrospective analysis, we show that very severe OSAS (OAHI >40) as determined by preoperative polysomnography parameters, including OAHI, oxygen saturation nadir, and hypercarbia is associated with an increased risk of respiratory complications following adenotonsillectomy or tonsillectomy. However, there does not appear to be a linear association with increasing severity of OAHI on regression analysis or an increase in postoperative complications overall.

We compared thyroid cancer incidence rates and trends between Korean, non-Korean Asian, and non-Hispanic White populations in the United States, and between the US Korean population and the South Korean population. Thyroid cancer incidence rate for 1999–2014 was significantly higher for South Korea than for the US Korean population, which was slightly higher than the non-Korean Asian population, and slightly lower than the non-Hispanic White population.

The laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR) is a brainstem reflex that closes the vocal fold and constitutes a new method for continuously monitoring the vagus and laryngeal nerves during different surgeries. Previous reports concluded that topical lidocaine in spray inhibited LAR responses. However, topical anesthesia in the upper airway may be necessary in awake intubation. We present six patients who underwent neck endocrine surgery due to an intrathoracic goiter that compromised the airway. Before awake intubation, a nebulization of lidocaine 5% was applied for at least 10 min. The intubation procedure was well tolerated, and bilateral LAR with suitable amplitudes for monitoring was obtained in all cases. In our series, the nebulization of lidocaine 5% did not affect the laryngeal adductor reflex.