This study investigated the modulation of the ionic currents by opioid peptides in the rat outer hair cells (OHC). Voltage clamp recording of isolated OHC was performed. The results show that Kappa opioid receptor activation inhibits the calcium current in OHC, modulating the intracellular calcium concentration when OHCs depolarize. The modulation of the auditory function by opioids constitutes a relevant mechanism with a potential role in the physiopathology of auditory disturbances.

Liu et al. investigated the distribution and temporal regulation of eIF4E phosphorylation in the brain and its role in cognitive functions in mice. The results suggest that the daily rhythmic MNK-eIF4E axis contributes to behavioural responses to novel objects and the diurnal rhythms in some forms of spatial memory.

With controls for movement-related changes in firing rate (FR), nucleus accumbens core neurons increased FR in response to a Pavlovian cue predicting sucrose delivery. FR remained elevated during cued approach and was elevated during sucrose consumption, the latter being the most consistent pattern of individual neuron firing across sessions.

In the mouse olfactory bulb, independent cell labelling in the DAT-tdTomato transgenic line allows the study of experience-dependent plasticity in the expression of dopamine-synthesising enzymes. Brief sensory deprivation for 1 day produces a decrease in relative immunofluorescence for both dopa decarboxylase (DDC) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), but only the TH decrease is maintained after 3 days of naris occlusion.

Longitudinal resting state (RS) activity is a promising way to track a person's brains change over long timescales. Using machine learning, we investigated methods for individualized RS-EEG tracking that are robust to inter-day cognitive and measurement variability. For RS-EEG acquired over 5 consecutive days (n = 24), individuals could be robustly identified from 2-s activity samples acquired on a different day both from RS and confounded RS with a limited loss in accuracy.

Measures of response preparation for a secondary motor task were assessed at specific locations within a continuous primary task. Probe reaction time and motor-evoked potential amplitudes were both significantly larger at locations corresponding to the middle phases of movement within a continuous primary motor task, suggesting that there are locations within continuous primary motor tasks that can impact the planning of a secondary motor task.

We studied the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) as a candidate for regulating the engagement of intuitive physics mechanisms in service of our goals. We collected resting state fMRI data and independently used a physical inference task to localize the regions active during physical prediction in each participant. We found that the pattern of dACC functional connectivity precisely tracked with individual differences in task-related activity, with an individual's own functional connectivity map being the best predictor of where their activity would emerge during the physical prediction task.

We examined the effects of 5-HT₂ receptor antagonism on human motoneuron excitability. Cervicomedullary stimulation was used to activate motoneurons via synaptic input and evoked cervicomedullary motor evoked potentials (CMEPs). In addition, nerve stimulation was used to generate antidromic spikes in motoneurons and cause their recurrent discharge (i.e., F-waves). Compared with placebo, we found that 5-HT₂ antagonism reduced the amplitude and persistence of F-waves but did not affect CMEPs.

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Twenty-eight healthy individuals completed a single session of a lumbopelvic tilt training task (3 × 5 min blocks). Single (recruitment curve) and paired-pulse (ICF, SICF and SICI) transcranial magnetic stimulation measures were performed pre- and post-training. A limited but significant increase in corticospinal excitability across the range of recruitment curve intensities (measured by MEP amplitude) was observed, but this was not associated with any changes in intra-cortical mechanisms.

GC-C KO animals have smaller ischaemic lesion volume compared with WT littermates. The increase in Ca²⁺ concentration upon UGN stimulation is higher in peri-ischaemic astrocytes compared with the astrocytes of the same cortical region in the contralateral hemisphere of WT and UGN KO animals, but not GC-C KO animals. Under ischaemic conditions, peri-ischaemic cortical astrocytes express GC-C, which is not the case for astrocytes in the contralateral hemisphere.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) can induce oxidative stress and drive tau pathology in the midbrain and corpus callosum. Cis P-tau as an early driver of the tau pathology accumulated in the GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons. Inhibition of the P38 by daily injection of the SB203580 suppressed cis P-tau formation and decreased phosphorylated P38 level in the TH/HY/MB of the diabetic mice.