Immune cell overrepresentation in SAT in subjects with high HbA1c was accompanied by decreased adipocytes, smooth muscle, pericytes and other endothelial cell numbers. Immune system and inflammation-related pathways, cellular senescence and telomere-related pathways, nervous system development and extracellular matrix organization were associated with HbA1c levels in SAT. RHO GTPases may play a role in glucose homeostasis, with a possible sexual dimorphism associated with HbA1c levels, shaped by the obesity state. CCL13 and S100A4 genes expressed in SAT strongly correlated with HbA1c levels. AT transcriptome analysis is key for unravelling T2DM complexities.

In a study of 330 patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography (ICA), higher serum fibulin-1 levels were associated with increased target organ damage (TOD) parameters (p < .001). Multivariable analysis showed that fibulin-1 levels ≥413 mcg/mL significantly predicted TOD. During a median follow-up of 9.36 years, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) occurred in 15.2% of patients, with fibulin-1 levels ≥491 mcg/mL independently associated with MACE risk (hazard ratio, 3.13; p < .001). These findings suggest fibulin-1 could aid in risk stratification of high-risk patients.

This study proposes a new clinical definition of afterload mismatch (AM) in patients with severe functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) undergoing transcatheter mitral valve repair (TEER). Findings indicate that AM, identified through hemodynamic deterioration requiring inotropic support, is linked to in-hospital mortality but does not affect long-term survival. Pre-procedural use of levosimendan and higher doses of diuretics were associated with a reduced AM risk. Procedural success predicted better outcomes, suggesting that AM's clinical impact is transient, affecting only acute, short-term hemodynamics post-TEER.

Immature granulocyte (IG) count and percentage had a predictive role in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, making them an objective and easily available marker of prognosis for this group of patients. In addition, IG percentage was the only factor independently associated with transplant-free survival. Finally, elevated IG percentage and IG count were significantly associated with lower mid-arm muscle circumference measurements, lean mass to height ratio [LM/h²] and appendicular lean mass to height ratio [ALM/h²].

Pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease (PH-LHD) represents the hemodynamic condition at rest resulting from pathologies that affect the left ventricle and/or the left atrium. Among the left heart diseases, heart failure is the most frequent cause of PH. PH-LHD is the most common cause of PH, accounting for 65–80% of diagnoses. Several drugs targeting specific signalling pathways involved in the pulmonary remodelling in PH-LHD, including nitric oxide, MAP kinase and endothelin-1, have been tested in randomized clinical trials (RCTs), with disappointing results in terms of efficacy and safety. Therefore, PH-LHD still remains orphan of specific therapies able to counteract the pre- and post-capillary remodelling of the pulmonary circulation. In this article, we will discuss the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of PH-LHD. We will focus on the novel biomarkers and emerging signalling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of PH-LHD that could suggest novel molecular targets for the treatment of this condition.

This consensus highlights critical research gaps in obesity epidemiology, phenotypic heterogeneity and clinical management, calling for advanced methodologies, collaborative strategies and innovative policies to mitigate the global obesity epidemic and its socio-economic impacts.

Prostate biopsy plays a pivotal role in the detection and characterization of prostate cancer. PSMA PET-targeted biopsy represents a significant advancement in prostate cancer diagnostics, offering higher sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in detecting clinically significant lesions compared to traditional methods. PSMA PET, when combined with mpMRI, eventually in hybrid PET/MRI systems, provides improved sensitivity and specificity, enabling more precise tumour localization and a more personalised approach to prostate cancer management.

Recombinant human PSG1 administered intradermally at wound margins enhances skin wound healing in the mouse and pig, including in an acute diabetic mouse model. A highly significant effect on wound re-epithelialisation was observed in the pig, and PSG1 treatment of the human HaCaT keratinocyte cell line regulated wound healing-associated genes and enhanced scratch wound closure in cell monolayers in vitro. Clinical use of PSG1 might enhance closure of incisional and traumatic wounds and enhance re-epithelialisation of burn injuries.